我國推動車用液化石油氣（LPG）燃料政策方針之研擬

Abstract

摘 要 自七○年代開始，液化石油氣（Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG）漸成為許多國家的車用替代燃料，台灣地區於1993年正式開放液化石油氣可做為車用燃料，且自1996年起由政府部門編列預算補助計程車業者改裝液化石油氣燃料系統，直至2000年底始停止補助。在為期五年的鼓勵補助期間，各相關單位分別面臨許多問題，包括計程車業者對改裝車信心不足、改裝廠缺乏後續維修保養技術、改裝套件品質無法有效控管、加氣站設置不夠普遍、液化石油氣低成本之優勢不足、地下加油（氣）站猖獗、淘汰之液化石油氣套件無人回收、法規修改不易等。 本研究首先針對主管機關與管理人員、液化石油氣車使用者、加氣站業者與操作人員、改裝廠業者等相關人員進行深入訪談以釐清推動液化石油氣車用燃料所面臨的課題，其次以反覆式層級分析法（Forward-Backward AHP）找出較佳的施政方針，分析程序中包括先以前向式層級分析法（Forward AHP）計算出汽油燃料與液化石油氣燃料各別之優先度（Priority weight），接著用後向式層級分析法（Backward AHP）找出增進液化石油氣燃料優先度之最佳政策，並將此政策代入第二次的前向式層級分析法（Second Forward AHP），重新計算汽油燃料與液化石油氣燃料各別優先度之改變，如此反覆操作，直至液化石油氣燃料之優先度明顯高於汽油燃料之優先度時停止。 經由反覆式層級分析法發現，「提昇維修保養技術」、「增加定期檢驗機構及維修保養廠」為提昇民眾對車用LPG燃料使用意願之最有效的兩個政策方針，可供主管機關參考。本研究期能突破台灣地區推動液化石油氣車用燃料之瓶頸，增加液化石油氣車輛之使用，以改善空氣品質。

Abstract Since 1970's, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has been used as an alternative fuel for various transportation modes. In Taiwan, LPG was first officially used on vehicles in 1993,and from 1996 to 2000, the government subsidized the taxi owners for LPG system re-equipment. However, many problems have occurred during the five-year promotion period. These problems include users' insufficient confidence on LPG system re-equipment, lack of LPG devices maintenance skills, poor quality of the re-equipment materials, and ect. This thesis attempts to clarify the problems encountered for LPG's promotion policy by in-depth interviews with related personnel, including government staffs, LPG car users, LPG gas station employees and re-equipment factory workers. We apply Forward-Backward Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) method to select effective and feasible policy plan in promoting the usage of LPG fuel on vehicles. We first apply Forward AHP to calculate the individual priority weight of gasoline and LPG and then employ Backward AHP to determine the most effective policy plan that can increase the priority weight of LPG. Finally, we apply second Forward AHP and recalculate the priority weight differences between gasoline and LPG. Repeat these procedures until the priority weight of LPG is obviously higher than that of the gasoline. It was found that "to improve the maintenance skills" and "to increase the car-examining organizations and maintenance facilities" are the most effective policy plans to promote the usage of LPG fuel on vehicles. The main objective of this study is to breakthrough the bottlenecks of current LPG's promotion policy. We hope to increase the number of LPG cars usage in order to improve the air quality.