半導體產業承攬商安全管理程序建構之研究

Abstract

國立交通大學管理學院(高階主管管理學程)碩士班 摘要 半導體產業具有資本密集技術密集的特性，晶片加工製造過程中使用數十種化學品，其中不乏具高危險性的物質，在工廠建造生產營運各階段，都需要不同的技術人員參與和協助；在工廠的成本、人力整體考量下，勢必會將許多非本業的工作，發包給專業人員執行。在國內工程承攬模式和承攬商人員素質良莠不齊的情況下，若業主和承攬商間的權責無法有效釐清，會造成半導體業者不必要的困擾，從歷年來意外事故的統計資料及工廠安全巡檢資料分析結果一再突顯出工廠缺乏完整有效的承攬商安全管理程序的窘境。 為此，本研究依據我國勞工安全衛生相關法規並蒐集國內外承攬商管理文獻分析承攬商意外事件原因，選擇6家半導體工廠實施現場訪視比較友廠承攬商安全管理方式，引用現代安全管理的理念，探討現行承攬商安全管理體制的缺失，進而透過承攬作業危害辨識、安全評估等方法對關鍵性作業進行安全分析鑑別出危害因子，並從個人防護具選用、承攬作業管制等手段，找出風險控制的策略，建構出工廠內承攬商安全管理組織。經由協議組織的運作，執行承攬商安全績效評估篩選出優良的承攬商，同時對進廠施工的承攬人給予必要的作業場所危害告知，使承攬人充分了解自身所處的工作環境現況穿戴正確的個人防護設備。在承攬商施作過程中進行動火作業、吊掛作業、高架作業、密閉空間作業等高危險性施工之作業管制，同時考核施工中的安全表現，對違反廠內安全環保相關規定的廠商給與違規罰款、記點，要求立即改善的警惕；對違反法規情節重大者勒令其停工甚至驅離工廠的處分，以預防災害發生的主動式作為來避免承攬人於施作期間發生意外事故。 預期本研究建構之承攬商安全管理程序能協助半導體工廠系統化的執行承攬商安全管理，避免肇因承攬人施工不當的職業災害，進而提昇工程施工品質，改造國內的工程承攬環境，創造政府管理單位、半導體業主、承攬商三贏的局面。

Department of Master Program of Management for Executives National Chiao Tung University ABSTRACT Semiconductor industry has the natural properties of intensified concentrated capital as well as technology. In the process of wafer manufacturing hundreds of different chemicals are applied. Among those chemicals, several of them are highly hazardous materials. On the other hand, during different stages of plant operation, it is inevitable that many works unrelated to semiconductor profession , such as construction, piping, machinery maintenance, etc., have to contact to each individual professional contractors to achieve optimal plant operation. However, under the current status of improper contractor system as well as incompetent contract works, in case of any incident, not only human injury and death but also serious property damage will result in. In addition, it is also difficult to identify the responsibilities between plant owner, contractors, and sub-contractors. This will lead to unnecessary confusion and troubles to the plant owner. It has been verified from the statistical data of incidents for the past history and also from the analysis results of internal safety inspections that the contractor safety management system inside semiconductor industry is incomplete and insufficient. Based on various related occupational safety and health laws and regulations of Republic of China , along with the publications on contractor safety management, the research investigated the root-causes of contractor operational incidents, benchmarked the contractor management system in various semiconductor companies, applied the modern safety management concept, and analyzed the deficiencies of current contractor safety management system. Moreover, by the process of identifying contract operation hazardous factors, safety operation assessment and related safety procedures, the hazardous factors were identified. Consequently, the counter measures such as proper personal protection equipment, contract operation controls were applied. In addition, the risk control strategy were established and optimal contractor safety management system and organization were achieved. By the operation of contractor co-operation organization and committee, contractor safety performance was evaluated in order to select competent contractors for various works. Before every contractor can begin their works, necessary hazard information were provided to the contractors such that every contractor realized each individual working environment and proper personal protective equipment. For high hazardous operations, such as hot work operation, hoist and crane operation, high elevation operation, confined space operation, etc., the proper control means had to be taken before, during and after each and every operation. In addition, the inspection and auditing during the operation were compulsory. For those contractors who violated safety health and environmental protection regulation, penalty records and fines were issued. Implementations for those deficiencies were requested to execute immediately. In case of immediate danger was about to occur or seriously violation of safety health and environmental protection laws was found, the contract operation would be stopped, and the contractor would be driven out of site such that the occupational incidents could be prevented. It is hoped that this research can establish optimal contractor safety management procedure to assist semiconductor industry systematically execution of contractor safety management. In addition, the occupational incidents resulted from contractors can be avoided. The quality of contractor operation will be improved. Also the contractor environment for the whole country will be rebuilt. It is hoped , through this research, the optimal goal of full beneficial to government authorities, semiconductor owners, and contractors can be achieved.