多水庫聯合營運模式之建立與應用

Abstract

近年來隨著環保意識高漲及優良壩址之日漸減少，使得新建水庫日益困難，因此如何提高現有水庫及其他大型水工結構物之營運效率乃為當務之急，而其中多水庫及攔河堰之聯合營運乃為最可行方式之一。本研究之目的為在原有水庫「規線操作」之架構下，整合線性規劃方法發展建立一全新之多水庫聯合營運模擬模式，因此模式同時具有「規線操作」之實用性及「線性規劃」之效率與彈性。另外此模式並應用「指標平衡」與「對等水庫」等觀念來決定多水庫對多需求節點之供水調配，本文除了以數個模擬案例來驗證「指標平衡」確可提高多水庫聯合調配放水之效率外，並將模式應用於台灣南部地區包括三座水庫、攔河堰及數個不同需求節點之水資源聯合營運調配上，模擬結果顯示本模式確能迅速有效的進行區域水源調配之模擬。

Rising public concern over environmental issues and the diminishing number of appropriate dam sites have made constructing new reservoirs extremely difficult recently. Therefore, water resources management heavily emphasizes enhancing the operating efficiency of current reservoirs and related hydraulic structures. The conjunctive operation of multi-reservoirs and related inlet structures is a feasible solution. Hence, this work presents a novel simulation model for a complex reservoir system. While adapting the 「rule curve」 operation and Linear programming, the proposed simulation model possesses both the practicability of 「rule curve」operation and the efficiency and flexibility of 「linear programming」. The proposed model also applies the principle of 「index balance」 and 「equivalent reservoir」to distribute the water resources from multi-reservoirs to multiple demand-areas. Several hypothesis case studies demonstrates that the 「index balance」 is a efficient means conserving water resources. The proposed model is also adopted to resolve the water allocation problem in southern Taiwan. The problem consists three main reservoirs, an on-stream dam and several areas with distinct water demands. Simulation results demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed model.