航空噪音防制補助規劃之研究

Abstract

我國實施開放天空政策後，使得國內外航線班次密集，為航空業帶來極大的商機，但也由於民眾對於環境品質的要求日益嚴格。因此，長期以來機場周圍地區之居民，必須忍受機場噪音之重大衝擊，在生活品質極度惡劣的狀況下，漸生不滿，並開始要求種種補助與改善之措施。 世界各國機場徵收航空噪音費已屬普遍之現象，然而我國對於航空噪音防制經費之分配及補助辦法，未詳細明訂於相關法規之中，由各航空站之航空噪音改善執行小組自行決定，使得各機場之補助金額標準不一。為彌補上述缺憾，本研究擬從污染費的概念、航空噪音防制補助費之來源、世界各國與我國噪音防制措施之比較，做整理與探討。除整理國內外相關文獻，並依我國航空噪音相關法規構建模式外，並且依等值與等能理論，噪音對於人體之影響，進行補助比例之推估；期能提供我國機場一個切實可行的噪音防制補助辦法，以確立航空噪音防制費補助之依據。 本研究並針對噪音防制之基本要素，將航空噪音防制規劃分為四大項目，分別為工程補助、遷移補助、房屋與土地跌價損失補助與其他補助四項。補助之對象則分為學校、圖書館、醫療機構、住戶、營業之店家、政府單位與公司行號七類。依據補助對象與補助項目，計算航空噪音防制補助之年成本，但受限於航空噪音防制經費限制，使得全額補助之年限過長；因此建議可根據航空噪音音量大小，對於聽力損失之程度，作為補助比例之依據。

In Taiwan after Open-Sky policy in 1987, the great growth of civil aviation brings good prospects to airlines. At the same time, residents in the neighborhood of airports ask for quiet environment because of their awaking environmental awareness. They live in the abominable environment over a long period of time, and then they claim various subsidies and improvements. It is common to levy airport noise charge in airports. However, the distribution of the airport noise fund dose not stipulate in Taiwanese rules and regulations. Every Airport Noise Improvement and Execution Section of an airport determines the subsidies which are quite different in airports. The study first stands on the basic factors of noise control, and there are four main events of the subsidy planning. They are the subsidy of engineering, the subsidy of movement, the decrease of property value subsidy, and the others. There are seven objects of the subsidy, such as schools, libraries, the organizations of medical treatment, residences, stores, the organizations of government, and companies. According to the four events and seven objects of the subsidy, the annual cost of airport noise control is calculated. The airport noise fund is limited. We suggest that ratio of the subsidy is in accordance with the decrease hearing of airport noise.