我國商營無線電視股權多元化之研究

Abstract

為了還給媒體一個獨立運作的空間，社會各界對於媒體改革不遺餘力，不論是社會團體或是朝野各勢力，皆以媒體結構改造為努力的目標。本文從結構面以股權再管制角度剖析商營無線電視所有權與經營權的問題，並試圖找出一個能平衡商營與公營之間的可行方向。 在現行廣播電視法、公司法及證券交易法等法制架構下，本文檢視黨政軍於商營無線電視公司資本結構之歷史過程，以及不同階段的朝野各黨與民間團體的媒體改革運動。研究發現以市場自由化為主張的股票公開發行上市制度，對於商營無線電視台的資本結構、董監事與經營管理人事上，並沒有產生具革命性的衝擊。 歷經數次媒體改革運動，綜觀商營無線電視台之媒體結構眾多改革方案，本文試著提出以修改現行法制之最小幅度、合理的社會成本，並且能有效整飭廣電體制的可行方向。 因此，本文主張在現行商營體制下，強制電視公司股票公開發行上市，輔以強化電視台董監事會之外部監察人等組織功能，形成公司內部監控；在法制方面，促請政黨法與廣電法修正草案通過政黨等公職人員不得經營媒體等條文，方可有效降低黨政軍勢力在商營無線電視台的持股比例，在商營體制與公共體制中間，形成一套準公共的商營電視制度配套機制。

The study analyzes the problems of ownership and control of terrestrial broadcasting companies from the aspect of the re-regulation of the ownership and tries to introduce the solution of “corporation governance,” which can strike a balance between the businesses that are run by private sectors and the government respectively. The study suggests that the stocks of television companies go public under the existing Company Law, Securities Exchange Act, and Broadcasting Act so as to reinforce the role of the board of directors as outer supervisors, forming the inner control of companies. As far as the law is concerned, the prescripts under which the people involved in the public office and parties shall not manage the media should be added. Thus, the proportion of stocks held by the parties, the government, and the military can be reduced effectively. A set of quasi-public system shall be created between the systems employed by the private sectors and the government.