小型三相無刷直流風扇馬達無感測控制晶片研製

Abstract

本論文之主要目的在於發展一個應用於小型三相風扇馬達的數位式無感測控制晶片。目前風扇馬達大多採用單相設計，而且需要感測器(如霍爾元件)來偵測轉子位置，面對各型應用到風扇馬達的產品，如notebook，其「輕薄短小化」的趨勢，風扇馬達的小型化、輕量化、高性能化與高精密度化已是不可避免的，因此本文以場效型可規劃邏輯陣列元件(Field Programmable Gate Array，簡稱FPGA)為基礎，利用硬體描述語言VHDL系統層級模組化的設計技巧，實現三相無刷直流風扇馬達無感測控制晶片的製作，藉以提升目前單相風扇馬達所達不到的特性。 設計的流程先以Visual C++ 模擬驗證無感測驅動機制之正確性及可行性，再以FPGA晶片搭配電壓感測電路、馬達驅動及週邊電路，完成三相無刷直流風扇馬達無感測控制系統的建構。

This paper presents the development of a sensorless control chip for a small three-phase brushless DC(BLDC) fan motor.The fan motors mostly adopt the single-phase design now. And they need a sensor to detect the rotor position. For various products applied to the fan motor, such as notebook, there is a trend to miniaturize. It is unavoidable to make fan motor miniaturization, light quantization, high performance and high precision. Therefore, in this thesis, a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based chip design is taken to implement a sensorless control chip conceptual core for three-phase BLDC fan motor drive, utilizing VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit(VHSIC) Hardware Description Language) modulation techniques and competence from system planning level opinion, improving the single-phase characteristic reached of fan motor at present. The proposed sensorless drive scheme is verified with the Visual C++ simulation first, and then is realized with FPGA-based chip collocating with voltage sensing circuit, motor drive and peripheral circuit for constructing a sensorless control system for a three-phase BLDC fan motor.