工業技術研究院技術創新管理之研究

Abstract

台灣四十年來經濟發展從勞力密集輕工業到高科技產業的持續成長及產業結構轉變，以應用研究導向為主的研發機構提供了產業轉型的技術來源，其中經由立法通過的財團法人工業技術研究院（簡稱工研院），更扮演一個相當重要的推手角色，也是政府發展產業的一項重要政策工具。 工研院成立至今，配合政府發展工業技術的目標，帶動新興產業發展，並積極提升產業技術水準，使台灣的產業結構逐步從勞力密集轉型成為技術與資本密集。目前工研院已是世界上在技術創新管理方面極具特色且對國家產業發展有重要貢獻的國家級研發機構，也是開發中國家為發展其科技產業的主要模仿對象。因此，工研院在技術創新管理方面之作法成為各界想一窺究竟的課題。 本論文探討台灣經濟發展過程中，工研院如何於不同的經濟發展階段環境中，在技術發展與應用方面所採取的創新管理做法。本研究採深入訪談方式，經由對工研院運作相當熟稔之工研院各研究單位及企業界高階決策主管進行深入訪談，構建工研院技術創新管理之架構及界定組織創新運作流程中可管理的關鍵因素。並從組織經營政策、組織發展策略、人才培育與運用以及研發成果落實等影響技術創新的重要因素，深入探討工研院之實務作法並分析其特色以作為後續相關研究之參考，同時並以工研院執行經濟部委託之IC科技專案計畫，從引進國外技術、創造獨特的組織文化和運作機制，到形成台灣整體產業效益之創新模式，作為驗証所提架構及其中主要因素之實証研究。

Taiwan’s continuous economic growth during the last forty years has ushered in a new industrial structure. Predominately, this shift from labor-intensive light industries to high-tech industries has been brought about by applied research oriented research institutes, who have supplied the technological skills necessary to reshape industry. The Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) is one such institute. It has acted as both an important enabler of industrial development and a vehicle for the Taiwanese government to precipitate progress in industry. From its’ early stages, ITRI worked in accordance with government policy to develop industrial technology. ITRI efforts also helped to stimulate the newly formed technological industry within Taiwan. These farsighted actions have led to national economic prosperity while providing a backbone for the maturation of Taiwanese industry. As Taiwan continues to stay ahead of the curve, refining this structure, just as industry underwent a change from a labor-intensive structure to a technological and capital-intensive one, involves lateral thinking and a pooling of resources. This is precisely what ITRI has done. ITRI is a national research institute that has always employed methods to bridge the public and private sectors. In turn, ITRI serves to promote technological innovation worldwide. Along with ITRI’s significant contributions to the development of industry in Taiwan, it sets a standard for other developing nations that are striving to improve their own technological industries. These achievements have brought ITRI worldwide acclaim; furthermore, the methods ITRI has used to foster technology innovation have become sought-after information in a market eager for know-how. This study examines the innovative management and methodology used to spark the development of applied technologies which ITRI, as a technologically-oriented research institute, has employed. These actions, performed in concert with government policy, may be the cornerstone of Taiwan’s ability to elevate its’ own industrial standards. In-depth interviews with various research institutes and corporate executives who are familiar with the way ITRI operates were also used within this study. The study serves to both examine the most effective methods for ITRI to advance technological innovation, and to pinpoint the key factors within the daily operational procedure. ITRI’s real time methods were put under the microscope, an analysis of ITRI’s attributes was conducted, and various factors were assessed for their ability to impact ITRI’s ability to innovate. In particular, the management policy, development strategy, efforts to nurture nascent industry, utilization of human resources, and the application of R&D results were scrutinized by examining both ITRI’s infrastructure and the implementation of its’ unique vision. This information may serve as a reference for subsequent related studies. This study also used the IC Technology Project - commissioned to ITRI by the MOEA - as a case study. ITRI’s ability to act as a gateway of technology has affected its unique organizational culture and operating mechanisms; this study measures how the culture has formed an innovative model that benefits Taiwan industrial as a whole.