常見機械故障之頻譜診斷模式分析與改進

Abstract

摘要 本研究是以常見機械故障之頻譜理論為基礎，在常見的工業保養診斷期刊中介紹徒手畫的頻譜圖的故障模式，但是本研究一直覺得徒手畫（free hand）的頻譜圖（spectrum）太過於理想化、單純化，所以提出一個實驗架構實際量測單純機械故障之頻譜圖，以此圖譜與徒手畫作比較分析，發現兩者是有差異，本研究可提供給參考者實際實驗室量測振動的圖譜與業界機械故障實際的圖譜，減少因為參考徒手畫理想化、單純化的圖譜而與實際的圖譜有較大得落差。 實驗中的研究有許多條件是可以人為控制，為了印證本實驗的實用性。本研究加入業界機械設備振動診斷分析探討，證明業界長期運轉的設備其故障經過振動儀器的量測與實驗中的圖譜是相似的科技進步與工業大量生產，現代工廠內所使用的各種機電設備正全面迅速的朝向大型化、連續化、高速化、精密化、系統化與自動化發展的趨勢，工廠中設備規模越來越大，功能越來越多，性能越高，操作負荷越大，各系統的關連性也越來越密切，設備本身的組合與結構也越來越複雜，所以設備一旦發生故障所引發工廠經濟損失也非常可觀。使用振動分析儀器可以收集機具操作過程各種資料搜尋可能發生故障的原因,因而提升設備的可靠度及可用度，做為預防與提前維修機具的標準，以防止機具突發故障發生，降低維修保養時間與維修保養成本。

Abstract This study is based on the commonly seen mechanical malfunction spectrum theory. In most commonly seen industrial maintenance diagnosis periodical, the introduced malfunction model spectrum is usually free hand spectrum. But in this study, we consider the free hand spectrum is over idealistic and simplified, so in here, we proposed a simple malfunction spectrum physically measured from structural experiment. The spectrum is then compared with the free hand spectrum and the differences are identified. The actual measured spectrum from the lab can be a reference for the industrial mechanical malfunction spectrum to minimum the discrepancy between the free hand spectrum and the actual measured spectrum. In order to improve that this experiment is practical, many conditions in this experiment are controlled. The discussion of frequency diagnosis model for industrial mechanical equipment is integrated for further analysis to prove the experimental spectrum and the malfunction spectrum of long-term operating equipment measured via vibration apparatus are resembled to each other. Electrical equipments in modern factories are developing towards mega-sizing, serializing, highly speeding, highly accurate, systematize and automation due to progressing new technologies and mass production in the industry. The bigger the factory equipment is, the variety the equipment function is. When the equipment is with variety of functions, the operation loading has become higher and the connection between each system is more related. Moreover, the combination and equipment structure is also more complicated. If the equipment is malfunction, the loss is serious. Through the vibration analysis apparatus, different kind of data can be collected through equipment operation to search for possible cause of a malfunction and to reinforce the reliability and availability of the equipment for preventive maintenance criterion. The possibility of a sudden equipment malfunction can also be minimized to reduce the maintenance time and cost.