整合BIM與QTO之數量計算以利施工管理

Abstract

本研究訂定了一套利用 BIM 產生我國格式預算書的標準流程，此流程所運用的工 具是一款在全世界工程業有高度通用性的 BIM 軟體 Autodesk Revit Architecture 與同公 司的工程數量計算的軟體 Quantity Takeoff (QTO)。本研究的結果可使任何有接觸過 Revit 的使用者，都可以快速且精確地為建案得出其結構與裝潢工項的數量，並產生一份完整 的我國格式預算書。 本研究將我國工程會所開發的公共工程經費估價系統(PCCES)內建資料庫中的各種 結構工項資訊導入到 Revit 之中，並利用簡明的選單模式大幅地提升資訊與模型結合的 效率與減少因人工打字所產生的錯誤。 為了計算裝潢工項的使用量，本研究在建築模性內定義了非實體的空間元件，並以 選單將各種裝潢工項資訊掛載於該元件中，如此即可快速且方便的為各房間進行「裝 潢」。 在本研究中也明確的定義了 Revit 建築模型內各元件建置的細緻度與資訊的詳實度 才能使 QTO 的數量計算結果達到所需之精確度。另外為了能計算出一個建案中各種結 構工項的總使用量，本研究也分別為它們建立了可直接放入 QTO 的通用計算公式。經 由 QTO 運算後輸出的結果即可匯入 PCCES 系統中為各工項加入單價，便可以得到一份 完整的我國格式預算書了。 對於結構體中最複雜的鋼筋，本研究提出了將平面圖內的鋼筋資訊化的概念，並擬 定了填入資訊與計算數量的具體作法。通過驗證，證實此一作法與實際建置立體鋼筋模 型後進行計算的結果並沒有差異，但前者更為簡便。 本研究也將上述的成果運用於施工管理。為了能幫助填寫施工日報，我們建立了一 套標準流程，包括針對結構與裝潢各元件，勘查人員每日應於工地現場觀察的項目，與 利用 Revit 和 QTO 進行登錄與計算的方法。運用此一流程便可得出每一日各工項的使用 數量。將每日的計算結果逐日加總，即可得出累積使用量與金額，進而產生工料累積的 S-curve。

Revit Architecture is a BIM software by Autodesk, and is widely used in the field of civil engineering around the world. This study establishes a standard process, using Revit and Quantity Takeoff (QTO, another software by Autodesk), to create a budget statement that is in accord with the format of our country. Our process enables any users who have ever accessed Revit to rapidly and accurately make an estimate about the quantities of structural and decoration pay items used in a construction case, and produce a complete budget statement. This study for the first time incorporate the information of structural pay items in the database of Public Construction Cost Estimate System (PCCES) into Revit Architecture 2013, and, by means of clearly ordered pop-up menus, the efficiency in combining the elements in a model and their corresponding information is greatly enhanced, and the error due to typing is eliminated. To rapidly and accurately determine the quantity of decoration pay items used, this study defines a non-substance space element out of a building model, and uses pull-down menus to load the information of various decoration pay items onto these elements. In this way, the room can be decorated with ease. This study also define the level of detail in element creation and information attachment for constructing a building model to achieve the accuracy required in quantity estimation. In addition, equations for calculating the quantities of various structural pay items have been formulated to be used in QTO. The output of QTO is readily transferred into PCCES system for updating the unit price, and a complete budget statement is generated. The network of rebar is the most complicate part in a building structure, we propose that the rebars in the floor plan should be informatized. A procedure for incorporating information and calculating is established. The method is proved to be equally valid as drawing 3D rebar model and then estimating its quantity, but the former is simpler and more convenient. The results of our studies also find applications in construction management. To help writing the daily report, a standard process is established, which includes the information that should be collected by investigators at construction site, and the methods of booking and calculation by Revit and QTO to find out the daily quantities used in structural and decoration pay items. The daily accumulation of these results then can be used in S-curve generation.