标题: | 三种人类常用抗生素之环境风险评估 Environmental risk assessment of three commonly used human antibiotics |
作者: | 王骐玮 Wang, Chi-Wei 陈重元 环境工程系所 |
关键字: | 抗生素;环境风险评估;混合毒性效应;antibiotics;environmental risk assessment;mixture toxicity effect |
公开日期: | 2013 |
摘要: | 抗生素是人类最常用的药物之一,在水体环境检测出的频率相当高,因此需要评估是否会对生态环境造成危害。本研究选择三种在台湾河川中侦测浓度高的抗生素:lincomycin、suflamethoxazole和flumequine,使用月芽藻和水蚤进行单一毒性试验。抗生素对月芽藻的毒性由高至低为lincomycin > flumequine > sulfamethoxazole,而对水蚤则是sulfamethoxazole > flumequine > lincomycin。根据欧洲药物管理局制定的准则,对抗生素进行初步环境风险评估。预测无效应浓度之计算使用本研究月芽藻以及文献中最敏感物种的急慢毒性数据。使用月芽藻EC50计算的lincomycin的风险商数为1.82,而用低NOEC计算的sulfamethoxazole之风险商数为1.102,表示具有潜在环境风险。本研究以月芽藻测试抗生素两两混合之毒性效应,发现lincomycin和sulfamethoxazole混合产生简单相加作用,其余两组混合则为拮抗作用。考虑最坏情况,将三个抗生素依测得最高浓度混合,分别以月芽藻、水蚤和鲤鱼进行试验,结果显示没有生物死亡或抑制情形发生。 Antibiotics are one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals and can be frequently detected in aquatic environment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the potential risks of antibiotics to the environment. Lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole and flumequine are three antibiotics found in Taiwan’s river with considerably high concentrations. Based on toxicity tests using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna, the relative toxicity relationships were: lincomycin>flumequine>sulfamethoxazole for P. subcapitata and sulfamethoxazole>flumequine>lincomycin for D. magna. The preliminary environmental risk assessment was conducted following the European Medicines Agency Guideline. Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived from the acute and chronic toxicity data obtained from P. subcapitata in this study and from the literatures. Risk quotient for lincomycin was 1.82 calculated by EC50 of P. subcapitata and 1.102 for sulfamethoxazole based on the NOEC of S. leopolensi. The observed results suggest that, for lincomycin and sulfamethoxazole, potential risks still exist to the aquatic environment. The toxicity of binary mixtures was based on the effects on P. subcapitata. Simple addition effect was observed with the combination of lincomycin and sulfamethoxazole. On the other hand, the mixture effects of three antibiotics tested in the present study at the maximal MEC levels displayed no adverse effect or inhibition to P. subcapitata, D. magna and C. carpio. |
URI: | http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT070051710 http://hdl.handle.net/11536/72199 |
显示于类别: | Thesis |
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