太陽能電池產業環境績效指標之建立-以CIGS薄膜太陽能電池製造業為例

Abstract

隨著能源耗竭以及溫室效應的問題越趨嚴重，全世界在各種替代能源的開發和研究上也相當重視，其中銅銦鎵硒(CIGS，Copper Indium Gallium Selenide)薄膜太陽能電池是近年來光電產業中最具發展潛力。本論文研究以CIGS薄膜太陽能電池製造業為例，參考不同產業的環境績效指標，選用下列指標(耗水量、耗電量、毒化物(硫脲)、硫化氫、氨氣、氨氮、廢棄物產生量、溫室氣體排放量、廢棄物再利用率、廢水排放率、製程用水回收率與全廠用水回收率)，探討環境績效指標數值結果，提供組織內部改善方向，參考薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器(TFT-LCD，Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display)產業中相同環境績效指標，瞭解本文範例環境績效指標優劣勢。 研究案例統計2012、2013年度與推估產能滿載的各項環境績效指標，結果發現單位面積之耗電量、耗水量、廢棄物產生量、溫室氣體排放量與廢棄物再利用率和TFT-LCD3.5代廠單一廠相比，環境績效指標相近;與單一TFT- LCD公司相比為劣勢指標;依產能滿載推估指標數值，則優於單一TFT-LCD公司。廢棄物再利用率為最快達到優質環境績效，單位面積之耗水量、耗電量、毒化物(硫脲)、氨氮、溫室氣體、硫化氫與氨氣亦隨產能投片面積增加，呈現正向的下降趨勢。廢水排放率符合科學工業園區標準，製程用水回收率與全廠用水回收率需列入改善，建議廢水分流處理，提高廢水回收率，降低廢水排放率。溫室氣體盤查中範疇二電力外購部份，為最大碳排放量來源，建議高耗能設備應朝向節能省電方向改進。

With the energy depletion and global warming problems have become serious problems, research and development on alternative energy have attracted considerable attention all over the world. The CIGS(Copper Indium Gallium Selenide) thin-film solar cells is the most potential in photoelectric industry in recent years. This study intends to assess the EPIs (Environmental Performance Indicators) for a CIGS thin-film solar cell industry based on references of different industries. Several potential programs for improving the environmental performance of the company were suggested based on the EPIs evaluation. And the EPIs results were compared with those made by TFT-LCD (TFT-LCD，Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) industry. Based on the data of 2012~2013 and compared with TFT-LCD industy, the nagative EPIs included energy comsumption, water comsumption, waste production greenhouse gas emission and waste recovery rate. Compared with 3.5-generation plants which was close to the EPIs. But if based on estimated full capacity index value, they could be better than those of the TFT-LCD industry. The results also showed that waste recovery rate was the best to reach high performance. The toxic substance (thiourea), ammonia nitrogen, greenhouse gas, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia showing a positive downward trend with increased capacity. The discharge ratio of total factory can be in compliance with the Science Park standard. But the system reclaim ratio of process and reclaim ratio of total factory need to be improved. While the rate of recovery of the waste water increases, the discharge ratio of total factory reduces. The scope 2 of greenhouse gas is the largest source of carbon emissions. Hence the high-energy-consuming equipment should be directed to energy saving improvements.