探討影響民眾揭露個人健康資訊因素之實證研究： 資訊隱私顧慮整合性觀點

Abstract

由於電子病歷的推動，健康照護已愈趨數位化，而在這樣的趨勢下，個人健康資訊隱私儼然成為民眾所關注的議題，因此個人健康資訊之隱私保護，不僅需醫療提供者及相關人員之參與及支持，更需民眾的認同與實際使用，方能降低不當之醫療資訊應用。然而，影響民眾揭露個人健康資訊之因素為何乃一重要之關注議題。本研究主要欲瞭解民眾基於資訊隱私顧慮基礎下，提供個人健康資訊之意願。本研究針對一般民眾進行問卷調查，共發放250份問卷，回收240份問卷，剔除15份無效問卷，有效問卷回收率為90%。在資料分析方面，以結構方程模式驗證與分析所蒐集的資料。本研究各構面問項皆具有信度與效度。研究結果顯示整體研究模型之解釋力為23.8%，「民眾之健康資訊隱私顧慮與信任程度對於民眾提供個人健康資訊之意願」有顯著影響，而「民眾所提供之健康資料類型的敏感度對於民眾健康資訊隱私顧慮」的影響、「民眾健康資訊隱私顧慮對於醫院信任程度」的影響、「民眾得知目前個人健康狀態的情緒與民眾提供個人健康資訊之意願」並無顯著的影響。此外，風險因素在健康資訊隱私顧慮以及信任因素，對於民眾提供個人健康資訊之影響並無調節作用。根據研究結果發現可能還有其他因素未納入探討，如資訊安全、就醫的經驗、隱私侵犯的經驗、個人特質、疾病嚴重度等，且本研究對於信任的定義為對醫院之信任，建議未來研究可調整至對醫護人員之信任作深入探討，而情境設定之調整亦為未來研究可能之著墨方向。

As Electronic Medical Record (EMR) age comes, personal health information privacy has become an important issue for individuals. Therefore, in order to protect personal health information privacy, it needs not only participation and support by healthcare providers and related personnel, but also recognition and actual use by individuals. Thus, it can reduce improper use of healthcare information applications. However, how to assist individuals to protect their personal health information privacy is an important issue. Based on literature review, this study summarizes the conceptualizations of health information privacy concern and other factors, in order to find out what factors affect individuals’ disclosure intention. This study use convenient sampling to do survey. A total of 240 questionnaires were finished by individuals in Taiwan, 15 invalid questionnaires were excluded, and effective response rate was 90%. In data analysis, use structural equation modeling (SEM) to process data. In this study, the overall explanatory power of the model was 23.8%. The research result shows that personal health information privacy concerns and trust toward hospitals significant affect individual personal health information disclosure intention, but other hypotheses do not have significant result. Besides, risk don’t have moderator effect on relationship between health information privacy concern and personal health information provide intention, and also have no moderator effect on relationship between trust and personal health information provide intention. Based on research finding, there may be other factors can involve in future study for further study, such as information security, medical experience, previous privacy invasion experience, individual characteristics, and disease severity. The definition of trust in this study is trust toward hospitals, so we recommend future research can modified to the trust toward medical staffs for in-depth discussion. And the research scenario also can adjust in future study.