評估知識分享與其影響因素:工作投入之中介效果

Abstract

現代競爭激烈的商業環境之下，組織的競爭優勢有賴於有效的知識管理，而成功的知識管理，則需要依賴員工的知識分享行為。在組織中創造、管理、分享知識，是公司為達到競爭優勢的重要任務。知識分享是一種主動行為，能幫助公司提升生產力，促進公司進步，帶來良好的績效。先前研究顯示，工作投入能促進組織內的主動行為，當員工投入在工作上時，才會付出額外努力去和同事分享想法、知識、技能以改善工作。本研究以工作投入來評估知識分享行為，探討負向團隊情感氛圍、專制型領導、團體認同等三個因素，是否會透過工作投入的「奉獻」、「活力」來對知識分享行為產生影響。此外，本研究也進一步探討負向團隊情感氛圍、專制型領導、團體認同對於知識分享的直接影響。 本研究以紙本問卷進行調查，調查對象為工作團隊的成員，共收集到319份有效樣本，以結構方程模式驗證研究假設。 研究結果顯示，工作投入的活力能正向影響知識分享。負向團隊情感氛圍負向地直接影響知識分享。專制型領導負向地影響活力，進而對知識分享產生負面影響。團體認同能正向地直接影響知識分享的產生。團體認同也能正向地影響活力，進而正面影響知識分享。

In today’s competitive business environment, the competitive advantage of an organization depends on effective knowledge management. Successful knowledge management depends on knowledge sharing behavior of employees. Creating, managing, and sharing knowledge are important tasks for companies to have competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing is a proactive behavior, and the behavior can help company increase productivity, make a progress, and bring excellent performance. According to previous research, work engagement can promote proactive behavior in organizations. When employees engage in work, they are willing to make an effort to share opinions, knowledge, and skills with colleagues in order to improve their work. The research assesses knowledge sharing via work engagement, and discusses whether negative group affective tone, autocratic leadership, and group identification would have influences on knowledge sharing via dedication and vigor. In addition, the research also discusses whether negative group affective tone, autocratic leadership, and group identification would have direct influences on knowledge sharing. The research made survey by paper questionnaires. The questionnaires were delivered to team members from 400 different work teams. 319 valid samples were collected, and using structural equation modeling to examine hypotheses. The findings show that vigor positively affects knowledge sharing. Negative group affective tone negatively influences knowledge sharing directly. Autocratic leadership negatively affects vigor, and has a negative influence on knowledge sharing via vigor. Group identification positively affects knowledge sharing directly, and group identification also has a positive influence on knowledge sharing via vigor.