反應動態資訊之大眾運輸旅運者旅運與活動行為

Abstract

Dynamic information plays a significant role in influencing the travel decisions of travelers. In addition to traffic and incident information and public transit timetables, travelers are also informed regarding social and entertainment activities in the area surrounding the various terminals. By making use of this dynamic information, travelers may use their waiting time more productively by participating in available activities, and/or choosing an alternative mode of transportation. Moreover, informing travelers about unforeseen events may also lure travelers to change their prescheduled travel and activity decisions in advance. This study aims to investigate how traveler travel-activity decisions, as they capture the issues of the induced demand and incident information in a dynamic environment. A series of models are constructed in accordance with two important issues emphasized on: travel/activity choices for transit travelers at terminals and traveler behavior in response to real-time incident information in different positions. The first part explores the impacts of providing dynamic information on travelers’ travel behavior and the induced demand for terminal surrounding activities. A nested logit model is employed to identify the important factors that influence the decisions of travelers regarding departure time and mode choice and whether or not to participate in activities in areas surrounding the terminal when dynamic information is provided at the terminal. The second part employs Cox proportional hazard and parametric hazard model to investigate travelers’ response in terms of travel-activity decisions when receiving dynamic information about an incident and how the probability of altering travelers’ original decisions varies over time. In addition to the dimension of time, the study further incorporates the position factor into the model to explore how travelers’ choices are constrained by the factor. The study applies stated choice experiment, contingent valuation method to design the questionnaire. The questionnaire is aimed to collect data, to estimate the optimal response time of different positions and to analyze the influence of response time on traveler decisions toward travel and activity. A series of empirical studies are performed to demonstrate the application of this dissertation. The results show that an increased duration of activity participation may accompany an alteration of departure time or mode choice. The results also show that the use of dynamic information for travelers is related to induced activity participation and travelers’ socioeconomic characteristics. The results show that the important factors influencing travelers’ available duration vary as the travelers in different positions. The results show that travelers may not be hurry to modify their original decisions as they receive the incident information when there exists an improved convenience for transfer and with arrival time constraint. The results show that as travelers perceive more valid information at origin, they tend to adjust original decisions close to preplanned departure time. The result implies that traveler located during the trip focuses more on the effects of waiting time rather than other positions. The results show that the positions where travelers receive the information do affect traveler optimal timing for adjusting their pre-planned decisions. The researches findings are expected to help transportation planners better understand the traveler response behavior towards an incident. In sum, the results of the study provide a reference for transportation planners and transit providers to capture traveler dynamic choice behavior and to help better understand the nature and magnitude of the impact of dynamic information on activity participation and trip making behavior.

Dynamic information plays a significant role in influencing the travel decisions of travelers. In addition to traffic and incident information and public transit timetables, travelers are also informed regarding social and entertainment activities in the area surrounding the various terminals. By making use of this dynamic information, travelers may use their waiting time more productively by participating in available activities, and/or choosing an alternative mode of transportation. Moreover, informing travelers about unforeseen events may also lure travelers to change their prescheduled travel and activity decisions in advance. This study aims to investigate how traveler travel-activity decisions, as they capture the issues of the induced demand and incident information in a dynamic environment. A series of models are constructed in accordance with two important issues emphasized on: travel/activity choices for transit travelers at terminals and traveler behavior in response to real-time incident information in different positions. The first part explores the impacts of providing dynamic information on travelers’ travel behavior and the induced demand for terminal surrounding activities. A nested logit model is employed to identify the important factors that influence the decisions of travelers regarding departure time and mode choice and whether or not to participate in activities in areas surrounding the terminal when dynamic information is provided at the terminal. The second part employs Cox proportional hazard and parametric hazard model to investigate travelers’ response in terms of travel-activity decisions when receiving dynamic information about an incident and how the probability of altering travelers’ original decisions varies over time. In addition to the dimension of time, the study further incorporates the position factor into the model to explore how travelers’ choices are constrained by the factor. The study applies stated choice experiment, contingent valuation method to design the questionnaire. The questionnaire is aimed to collect data, to estimate the optimal response time of different positions and to analyze the influence of response time on traveler decisions toward travel and activity. A series of empirical studies are performed to demonstrate the application of this dissertation. The results show that an increased duration of activity participation may accompany an alteration of departure time or mode choice. The results also show that the use of dynamic information for travelers is related to induced activity participation and travelers’ socioeconomic characteristics. The results show that the important factors influencing travelers’ available duration vary as the travelers in different positions. The results show that travelers may not be hurry to modify their original decisions as they receive the incident information when there exists an improved convenience for transfer and with arrival time constraint. The results show that as travelers perceive more valid information at origin, they tend to adjust original decisions close to preplanned departure time. The result implies that traveler located during the trip focuses more on the effects of waiting time rather than other positions. The results show that the positions where travelers receive the information do affect traveler optimal timing for adjusting their pre-planned decisions. The researches findings are expected to help transportation planners better understand the traveler response behavior towards an incident. In sum, the results of the study provide a reference for transportation planners and transit providers to capture traveler dynamic choice behavior and to help better understand the nature and magnitude of the impact of dynamic information on activity participation and trip making behavior.