大學技術移轉績效驅動因子之研究

Abstract

大學肩負擴散創新知識與技術以及促進經濟成長的使命。大學技術移轉的活動包含多重的機制，例如專利申請、專利獲證、專利授權、技術授權、委託研究、合作研究、科技創業及其他正式或非正式之資訊移轉等。在許多國家中，藉由大學從政府接受經費進行基礎研究中，產出與擴散創新技術給企業。我們可以從專利資料查出台灣的大學研究能量的相關重要資訊。 我們以台灣的大學為研究基礎，本研究使用USPTO專利資料庫查詢台灣的大學所產出的專利知識與引證關係。從專利分析資料得出自2002年台灣的大學專利數量顯著增加，也可以看出台灣主要研究型大學的研究領域與專利引證資訊。為了進一步探討大學技術移轉影響績效之重要驅動因子，本研究亦界定出影響大學技術移轉多面向績效驅動因子的整合性架構，主要目的在於確認績效驅動因子，瞭解各個績效驅動因子之相對重要性。研究方法結合模糊德菲法(Delphi Fuzzy method)、詮釋結構模式(ISM) 與分析網路程序法 (ANP)。實證中得到人力資本與制度/文化資源是提升台灣的大學技術移轉績效兩項最重要的資源。教師素質與技術移轉中心規模是人力資源構面最重要的驅動因子，獎勵機制與技轉中心經驗是制度/文化資源構面最重要的驅動因子。最後，本研究根據研究結果提出相關策略及管理上的建議。

Universities are designated to disseminate innovative knowledge and technologies to enterprises and facilitate the economic growth. The activities of university technology transfer are composed of a multitude of mechanisms, such as patent applications and patent granted, patent licensing, technology licensing, contract research, collaboration research, technology-oriented start-up, and other forms of formal or informal information transfer. The university sector, receiving government funding to perform basic research, is designated to produce and widely disseminate innovative knowledge to industry in many countries. Knowledge occurred in university research can be traced with patent data. Take Taiwan’s universities as a research base, this study investigates the knowledge creation and citation of Taiwan’s universities by USPTO patent database. The patent analysis finds a dramatic increase in the number of university patent after 2002 and some observations of research areas and patent citation in research universities are derived. This study also intends to identify the critical drivers of the multitudinous outputs of university technology transfer in order to understand the important factors of performance of technology transfer. Fuzzy Delphi method, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and analytic network process (ANP) are employed sequentially to derive the relative importance of the performance drivers. The human capital and the institutional/culture resources are two most emphasized resources towards the improvement of university technology transfer in Taiwan. Faculty quality and size of technology transfer offices are the most critical drivers within the dimension of human capital. Incentive policy and experience of technology transfer offices are the most critical drivers within the dimension of institutional /culture resources. Finally, some policy implications are derived based on this results.