考慮大型船舶與轉運之動態船席調配研究

Abstract

船舶靠港進行裝卸貨時面臨的第一道作業程序就是船席調配(Berth Allocation)指的是如何將進港船舶指派到其適合的位置，其結果將影響整體碼頭最佳化，而對於航商與港埠的如何使船舶作業時間與等待時間成本最小化是其主要目標。 隨者貨櫃運輸業發展愈來愈快速，現代化設施如大型船舶、大型起重機、深水港埠、自動化貨櫃集散站、現代化港埠，不斷提高貨櫃碼頭吞吐量。而船舶大型化具有節省燃油、減少船員配置、節省裝卸時間與費用等優點，但仍受全球航運市場景氣與經濟規模等因素影響，各航商與港埠經營者以及相關航港週邊產業，都將同樣面臨新的機會與挑戰。其中包含大型船舶在貨櫃碼頭所需之轉運貨櫃，本研究發展船舶之間直接轉運之船席調配問題，並提出考慮大型船舶與不同船席間橋式起重機之數學模式。以混合整數規劃(Mixed Integer Programming, MIP)方法建構一「船席調配決策模式」，透過範例資料，求解船席調配決策問題。分析結果顯示，發現當船席資源足夠，船席間利用率會有所差別，因此對於航商如何選用效率高的船席是一重要課題。

Berth allocation, the first operation when vessels arrive at a port, which determines the assignment of the berths to the calling vessels. It is one of the major container port optimization problems. From both the port operator’s and the ocean carriers’ perspective, minimization of the time a ship spends at berth is a key goal of port operations. With the rapid development of container transport industry, container terminal systems have become more and more busy. Some measures and facilities are taken to improve the container throughput, such as Mega Ship, Mega Crane, Deep water Port, Automatic Container Terminal, Mobile Port. Increasing container ship size can save time and costs. However, this trend is affected by the global shipping market prosperity and economy of scale. Under this trend, the international carriers, port operators and the maritime industries are facing new opportunities and challenges.This deals with the transshipment transport problem in a container terminal arising from the usage of Mega Ship. This research introduces the berth allocation problem considering transshipment of ship to ship and formulates a mathematical model with Mega-Ships and different number of Quay Cranes in berth. For dealing with berth allocation problem, the “optimal model of consolidation decision for berth allocation problem”, based on Mixed Integer Programming (MIP), is constructed to testing samples. The conclusion of the analysis, has shown, when the berth found enough resources, berth utilization will vary, so for shipping companies to use high-efficiency berth is an important issue.