運用腦波及近紅外線同步量測探討大腦專注力網絡之腦動態及血流動力學變化

Abstract

專注力網絡試驗 (Attention Network Task, ANT) 已是一個在臨床行為學上應用很廣的一個試驗，尤其是過動兒，精神分裂症等。本研究主要是利用ANT探討當大腦在有警覺意識時期及當具有衝突性之環境下之反應處理歷程，同步收錄腦電圖儀(Electroencephalography, EEG)與功能性近紅外線光光譜儀(Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, fNIRS)，藉由ANT事件引發其相對的腦電波與腦血氧濃度變化，以探究大腦在警覺網絡與執行控制網絡之相關的腦動態變化。和過去文獻所觀察不同的是，本研究發現在警覺網絡下，額葉Delta能量和頂葉Theta能量有顯著增加，且右半側大腦頂葉區域的帶氧血和去氧血濃度變化較左半側大腦有較一致的變化；然而在執行控制網絡下，額葉Theta能量有顯著增加，頂葉的Delta能量有顯著減少，且右前額葉的帶氧血和去氧血濃度變化較左前額葉有較一致的變化。本研究除了驗證過去行為學上的結果，經由腦電波與血氧濃度研究更發現左右大腦有功能性差異，希望藉此專注力網路能力指標，提供未來臨床上輔助診斷專注力缺失的病人。

Attention Network Task (ANT) is a widely experimental task for the application of clinical behavior, especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia. The aims of this study are to explore the EEG oscillation changes and hemodynamics of the brain associating with the executive control network and the alert network of the ANT task by synchronously recording electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In comparison with the findings of this study and the past literatures, this study finds that the EEG dynamics in the alert network have significant increases in the delta and theta power in the frontal and parietal region, and hemodynamic changes in the right side of the brain has more consistent changes of the oxygen and deoxygenated blood concentration than in the left side of brain. Regarding the EEG dynamics and hemodynamics on the executive control network, there is a significant increase in theta and delta power in the frontal and parietal region, and hemodynamic changes in the right frontal lobe has more consistent changes of the oxygen and deoxygenated blood concentration than in the left frontal lobe the. These observed physiological and hemoglobin changes are the first findings of the EEG and fNIRS simultaneous recording experiment on the attention network task. These experimental results can be provided to the clinician and neuroscientists as the referred diagnostic indexes of the patients who have deficient attention.