標題: (I) 金剛富烯於環糊精水溶液中進行 1,3-偶極環化加成反應之位向選擇性研究及 (II) 以芳杯分子合成螢光雙螯合基之接受器
(1) Regio Selectivity in the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Adamantylidenefulvene and Its Modification by Inclusion in Cyclodextrins’ Solutions, and (2) Syntheses of Ditopic Fluorescent Receptors Using Calix[4]arenes
作者: 朱見和
Jean-Ho Chu
鍾文聖
Wen-Sheng Chung
應用化學系碩博士班
關鍵字: 超分子化學;環糊精;位向選擇性;1,3-偶極環化加成反應;富烯;芳杯;supramolecular chemistry;cyclodextrin;regioselectivity;1,3-dipolar cycloaddition;fulvene;calix[4]arene
公開日期: 2006
摘要: 本論文主要分為兩個研究主題: (I) 金剛富烯於環糊精水溶液中進行 1,3-偶極環化加成反應之位向選擇性研究。 (II) 以芳杯分子合成螢光雙螯合基之接受器。 第一部份的研究中,我們將金剛富烯 (51) 與各種不同取代基的 nitrile oxides 52a-d 進行 1,3-偶極環化加成反應,反應結果發現產物分佈極為複雜,分別有 1:1 環化加成產物 53,54a-d 與 1:2環化加成產物 55,56,57a-d 及 58b ,其中 53-54 為主要產物而 55-58 為副產物,我們成功單離各產物後利用1D 與 2D NMR 光譜來完成其化學結構鑑定。另一方面,我們亦將此反應於 □-CD 水溶液中進行,實驗結果發現 □-CD 能夠有效控制反應的位向選擇性,例如:產物 53a/54a 之相對比例可以由無 □-CD 存在之水溶液中的 40/60 增加至有 □-CD 存在之水溶液中的 71/29 ;另外當 nitrile oxide 取代基為第三丁基苯時,於 □-CD 水溶液中的反應產物比例 53b/54b 更可以增加至 99/1。此部份研究除了實驗結果外,我們也利用分子動力學電腦模擬方式計算 51•□-CD、53a•□-CD、54a•□-CD 、 59a•□-CD 及 59b•□-CD 等模型之最低錯合能量。最後我們認為在有機溶劑及環糊精水溶液中決定金剛富烯 (51) 與 nitrile oxides 52a,b 所進行的 1,3-偶極環化加成反應之反應位向因素主要為立體與靜電效應 (steric and electrostatic effect)。 第二部份研究中,我們設計與合成含螢光發色團芳杯化合物 98a-c 與 99a-b ,其中於 98a-c 的金屬離子篩選實驗中發現在 14 種金屬離子中其對 Cu2+ 離子有選擇性辨識能力,同時兩者間的錯合尚且包含氧化還反應發生 (Cu2+ □ Cu+) ,進一步實驗結果顯示 98a-c 與 Cu(ClO4)2 混合後形成一價銅錯合物 (例如: 98b•Cu+) 。利用 UV-vis 我們對 99a 進行金屬離子篩選,從而發現它對於 Hg2+ 與 Cu2+ 兩種金屬離子有明顯的效應。再者我們利用含萘螢光基團取代之化合物 99b 針對 Hg2+ 離子進行螢光光譜滴定實驗,實驗結果發現化合物 99b 之螢光強度會因 Hg2+ 離子加入後有增強的現象。最後我們在化合物 99a 初步的變構性效應研究中,發現錯合物 99a•Hg2+ 於 UV-vis 光譜中顯示對 AcO- 與 I- 離子有明顯效應。
There are two parts in this thesis: part 1, regio selectivity in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of adamantylidenefulvene and its modification by inclusion in cyclodextrins’ solutions, part 2, syntheses of ditopic fluorescent receptors using calix[4]arenes. In part 1, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of adamantylidenefulvene (51) with nitrile oxides 52a-d led to complex product distribution. We isolated 1:1 cycloadduct 53 and 54a-d as major products and 1:2 cycloadducts 55, 56, 57a-d, and 58b as minor products. The stereochemistry of all products was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of adamantylidenefulvene (51) with nitrile oxides 52a-d was further carried out in beta-CD solution. We found that product ratio of 53a/54a was enhanced to 71/29 in the presence of beta-CD compared to that of 40/60 in the absence of beta-CD. Moreover, the product ratio of 53a/54a was highly enhanced to 99/1 when aryl group of the nitrile oxide is 4-t-butylphenyl. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out to provide information of the complexation modes of 51•beta-CD, 53a•beta-CD, 54a•beta-CD, 59a•beta-CD and 59b•beta-CD. It was found that both steric and electrostatic effects play important roles in determining the regio- and stereochemistry of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 51. In part 2, the synthesis of fluorescent calix[4]arenas 98a-c, 99a-b and their application in ditopic recognitions were studied. Based on the metal screening of 98a-c, we found that 98a-c showed selective recognition of Cu2+ among 14 metal ions. Interestingly, during the complexation of Cu2+ by 98a-c, an autoreduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ occurred. The ring-opening compound 99a showed selective recognition toward Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions, but no obvious complexation for anions. Furthermore, compound 99b was found as a fluorescent-enhanced sensor for Hg2+ ion. Finally, we studied the allosteric effect of complex 99a•Hg2+ with anions using UV-vis spectroscopy and found that showed a selective recognition of AcO- and I- ions.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT009225802
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/76866
顯示於類別:畢業論文