抗諧振反射光波導結構之光子晶體波導元件與三維銅金屬光子晶體研究

Abstract

本論文提出抗諧振反射光波導(ARROW)結構之光子晶體波導，在橫向和縱向分別以光子能隙(photonic band gap)和抗諧振反射作為導光的機制，以利和單模光纖的耦合。論文中介紹模擬分析和設計元件所用的方法，探討抗諧振反射光波導結構的模態特性，以及二維光子晶體的光子能帶和傳輸特性，結合這兩種元件的優勢，設計抗諧振反射光波導(ARROW)結構之光子晶體波導並分析其傳輸特性，在此結構上設計60度和120度大角度彎折結構與Y型分支波導(Y-branch waveguide)等重要元件，以大幅縮小光子積體電路(photonic integrated circuits)的尺寸。 本論文並研究三維光子晶體，以銅金屬作為建構元件的材料，研製兩種特徵尺度的結構，從特性量測與模擬分析，探討光子能隙的特性，並在實驗上觀測此元件能抑制本身在光子能隙波段的熱輻射，將輸入的熱能集中在靠近光子能隙邊緣的波長放射為光能。

The photonic crystal slab waveguides based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structures are proposed for improving the butt-coupling efficiency with a single-mode fiber. Lightwaves propagating in this waveguide are confined by the photonic band gaps in lateral and antiresonance reflection in vertical. Numerical methods for analyzing and designing this devices are introduced. Modal characteristics of the ARROW structures are revealed. The photonic band structures and transmission behaviors of the two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides are discussed. By combining the advantages of these two devices, the ARROW-based photonic crystal waveguides are analyzed and designed. In this platform, the important devices such as the 60, 120 sharp bends, and Y-branch waveguides are designed for substantially reducing the areas of the photonic integrated circuits.

The three-dimensional copper photonic crystals with two feature sizes were fabricated layer-by-layer. The optical properties of the photonic band gaps for both structures have been investigated by experimental observation and simulation verification. With these devices, the suppression of the thermal emission in the ranges of band gaps and the narrow-band emission near the band-edge wavelengths have been experimentally observed.