考慮節點能量之隨意行動無線網路擇路協定

Abstract

隨意行動無線網路是一種不需要透過共用設備來管理網路的網路架構，可以直接在行動運算節點之間做封包的交換。透過隨意行動無線網路的擇路演算法，網路內的行動運算節點可以摒除傳輸範圍的限制，以其他行動運算節點當作中繼節點幫忙傳遞封包，使來源節點可以傳送資料封包到傳輸範圍之外的目標節點。擇路演算法依照功能可以分成單一擇路演算法與多重擇路演算法，可用來處理單點對單點、單點對多點與多點對多點的資料傳輸。目前的擇路演算法只考量到中繼節點的數量多寡，而忽略到接收功率、電池量限制與移動模式等的影響。在行動運算節點的電池能量有限制的情況下，這篇論文將介紹能量分散擇路演算法(Distributed Energy Routing - DER)，讓路徑的選擇可以避開已經快要沒電力的中繼節點，提供單點對單點資料傳輸的可靠性。在現實環境之中，常會遇到一些有組織性的移動模式(例如軍隊的移動)，適當的利用樹狀網路架構跟網狀網路架構的優點設計而成的控制混合式擇路演算法(Power-Controlled Hybrid Multicast Routing - PCHMR)，可以使這種有群組性移動模式的網路擁有更可靠的網路架構進行多點對多點的資料傳輸。為了使網路中的路徑連結更加可靠而不易斷裂，PCHMR演算法還會根據接收平均功率來選擇路徑，藉此提升路徑的可靠性與避免狀況差的路徑被使用。

The Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a kind of network without the existence of infrastructure. The mobile nodes (MNs) in the MANET can exchange their data packets directly with each others.. By adopting the routing protocols within the MANET, the MNs utilize the intermediate nodes to reroute their data packets and finally to the destination node. By using the ad hoc routing, the source node can conduct packet transmission to the destination node which can be outside of its transmission range. In general, the routing algorithms can be categorized into unicast and multicast routing protocols. The unicast routing protocols handle the situations that one source node is transmitting data packets to one destination node. The multicast routing protocols consider one source to multiple destination nodes for packet delivery. In most research work, only the hop counts within the transmission route are considered; while the influence from the receiving power and remaining energy of the MNs are neglected. This may results in insufficient energy remained within MN to successfully transmit the data packets. In this thesis, a Distributed Energy Routing Protocol (DER) is proposed for unicast routing of data packets. The proposed DER algorithm avoids adopting the low-energy intermediate node in the decision of the transmitting path and also provide the reliability for the transmitting packet. On the other hand, the Power-Controlled Hybrid Multicast Routing (PCHMR) protocol is proposed for multicast routing. It is composed of the advantages of the tree-based and the mesh-based routing protocols in order to provide more reliable network structure to transmit packets between multiple sources and destinations. In order to provide more reliable linkage on the path and to avoid the usage of an unreliable path, the proposed PCHMR protocol chooses the routing path according to the average received power of the MNs. The performance evaluation and comparison of the proposed DER and the PCHMR protocols will be conducted in simulations.