郊區公路快車道微觀車流模式建立與實證分析

Abstract

隨著台灣汽車的快速成長，國內交通擁擠情況日趨嚴重，交通問題更顯複雜。郊區公路為台灣地區主要道路系統，所佔比例為各型公路之冠，且由於郊區公路有不同形式車道、坡度、線型等，影響駕駛行為之特性相當複雜，因此對於郊區公路之車流特性之瞭解，實乃所需之課題。 本研究目的為構建及驗證郊區公路快車道之微觀車流模式，車流特性之微觀車流研究部分中，跟車及變換車道為重要部份之ㄧ，而以往之文獻較為缺乏針對郊區公路車流特性研究，且並未探討本車前之不同車種變換車道駕駛行為差異。故本研究將以國內郊區公路小客車為研究對象，並基於微觀理念、刺激－反應原理、跟車理論、行為門檻、駕駛行為理論等理論基礎，採用文獻評析法、攝影調查法、實車測試法、統計分析法、及模式參數校估法等研究方法進行跟車及變換車道之研究。在跟車模式方面，係以GM跟車模式為基礎，利用實車測試法蒐集駕駛者煞車距離以及跟車資料，分析其駕駛者冒險度及跟車行為特性，構建GM跟車行為門檻模式，了解GM跟車模式之影響範圍，改善GM跟車模式之缺失。變換車道模式則是以攝影調查法蒐集郊區公路變換車道資料，考慮前方不同車種（小型車或大型車），分析變換車道行為特性，以構建變換車道偏向角模式以及加速度模式，最後並建立變換車道決策準則。本研究結果將可提供與交通管理者改善交通工程及設計之參考依據，並有助於作為郊區公路控制與管理所需之車流模式。

As the traffic jam in Taiwan getting worse with the fast growth to the amount of the vehicles in Taiwan, it is to hard to resolve the traffic system. Specifically, rural highway is the mainstream road system in Taiwan, and because it has very complex characters, the aim of this study is to know the characters. Based on car-following theory, microscopic traffic flow theory, kinematics theorem, fuzzy theory, and behavioral threshold model, this study is proposed a microscopic traffic flow model, incorporating the car-following threshold and lane-changing models on rural highways. The car following threshold model is developed by classifying the driver risk factor based on GM Model. This study is also proposed a modified lane changing angle and acceleration models considering the lead car difference between car and bus by video recording data as well. The last part is to propose a lane changing rule based on the proceeding lane changing angel and acceleration models. This study result promotes the road administrators to identify and validate the traffic control system or mange the system on rural highways.