高齡社會都市大眾運輸課題與改善策略之研究-以大台北都會區為例

Abstract

近年來，由於世界醫療衛生、科技、社會的快速進步以及生育率的降低，使得國民平均壽命延長，同時也增加社會人口結構老化的速度。而目前台灣地區目前實質上已經是一個高齡化社會。預估到2030年老年人口將達19.5%，正式進入高齡社會，而到了2040年，老年人口預計達25%，意即每四位民眾就有一位是老人，人口老化情形將更趨明顯。由於高齡者在交通上移動的自主性和行動能力不若青壯者便利自由，在講求移動速度的現代社會中常被忽視甚或歧視，故以往的交通設施規劃及建置亦往往忽略老年人所面臨之需求。在此研究背景之下，大眾運輸於制度面及設施面之策略勢必做某些改變，如此才可因應未來大眾運輸使用者族群的變化。

本研究利用統計分析軟體SPSS/PC 10.0 以及Microsoft Office 的EXCEL軟體，進行問卷的資料分析。並利用信度分析（Reliability Analysis）、敘述性統計分析（Descriptive Statistics Analysis）、虛擬變數迴歸分析法 （Regression with Dummy Variables）、成對T檢定（Paired T Test）及重要度滿意度分析方法（Important-Performance Analysis；簡稱IPA）等分析方法，進而提出高齡者於物理面、資訊面、制度面及意識面之障礙。再根據各統計分析方法彙整成首要改善、次要改善、持續改善、最後改善等障礙改善之優先順序：針對該改善之優先順序，提出高齡者對各項目之障礙可能成因與感受等課題分析。最後針對以上障礙，提出可供各相關單位作為因應高齡社會來臨之參考策略。

In the recent years, due to the medical treatment, science and technology, society process speedily, which extend a national’s average life-span. Meanwhile, it urges the speed of aging of population. At present, Taiwan has already been an aged society. We can predict that it will be 19.5% senior population in 2003. In 2040, the aged population will become 25%, which meant in every four people, there will be one aged. Consequently, aging of population will be more obviously. The traffic’s autonomy and active ability of aged is not as convince as younger. Contrasting to the modern year, they would likely to be ignored or biased. Therefore, in this background of studying, mass transit must improve something in their system and facilities; thus, they can answer readily to the change of the population in the future.

This research uses statistic analysis software SPSS/PC 10.0 and Microsoft Office EXCEL to do data analyze. Also, we make use of methods such as Reliability Analysis, Descriptive Statistics Analysis, Regression with Dummy Variables, Paired T test, Important-Performance Analysis, called IPA …etc to address further blocks of substance, information, system and sense. According to each of the methods as above, we make up the order of improvements- chief reformation, second reformation, continued reformation and final reformation. In the light of these barriers, figure out what it result from and how do aged feel. Finally, provide some policies as consult to help the units to manage the oncoming advanced aged society.