消能制震結構之經濟效益評估研究

Abstract

因應社會發展的都市化趨勢，建築設計已逐漸趨向大規模與高層化，使得結構耐震設計的挑戰更加嚴峻。尤其歷經1999 年九二一集集地震，短短數十秒之劇烈振動即造成二千多人死亡，上萬人受傷，房屋、橋樑崩塌毀壞者不計其數，財產損失難以估計的慘痛教訓，結構安全遂成為舉國上下最關切的話題之一。國內耐震設計規範業經多次修正，期使結構設計更臻嚴謹；許多新式的隔、減震系統相繼被開發出來，耐震設計觀念得以跳脫傳統的韌性設計思維，而朝向性能設計的目標。本研究主要針對建築結構採用制震設計，包括金屬降伏制震系統及VE制震壁，所產生之安全及經濟效益進行探討。本文針對實際個案進行結構動力分析，除了從結構的耐震性能表現評估其效能外，亦由鋼筋配筋量及整體造價成本之比較，以及市場行銷觀點分析，探討制震建築的發展潛力。分析結果顯示，制震系統可提升結構整體之耐震表現，而所增加的造價成本則相當有限；此外，市場調查顯示其售價可提升5~10%，對於業者推廣制震建築有足夠的誘因。

In response to the urbanization of social development, the building design is becoming larger and larger in both scale and height. As a result, the seismic structural design is becoming more and more challenging. In particular, after the disastrous lessons learned from 1999 Ji-Ji earthquake in which casualty of over 2,000 with tens of thousands injured and countless buildings and structures damaged and loss of properties have occurred, structural safety has become one most critical issue all over the country. The seismic building code has been revised several times towards a more stringent criteria ever since. Meanwhile, a number of innovative seismic isolation and energy dissipation devices have been developed, and the seismic design concept of ductility has been gradually discarded for the performance-based design. In this study, structural safety and economical efficiency of using seismic energy dissipative systems (SEDS), both the metallic yielding damper and VE damper, for building structures have been explored. Dynamic analysis of a realistic objective building has been conducted to assess the seismic performances of the proposed schemes, while the potential of seismic energy dissipative design has been investigated via comparing the demand of reinforcement steels and overall construction cost as well as the marketing analysis. Results indicate that seismic performance of the structure can be enhanced by the SEDS with limited increase of cost. Moreover, market investigation indicates acceptance of an increase of 5~10% of the sale price, thus encouraging promotion of the technology with sufficient incentive to the industry.