互補式金氧半導體仿生視網膜晶片應用於光學滑鼠之分析與設計

Abstract

在本論文中，我們提出一些金氧半導體仿生視網膜晶片並應用於光學滑鼠。該晶片是設計用來取代一般應用於光學滑鼠上且整合類比數位訊號傳換器的影像感測器，而其中的類比數位訊號傳換器便可被移除，而大幅減少電路設計的複雜度。帶有平滑網路的視網膜仿生晶片III已經被採用來達到簡化架構、低功率消耗、及低價格花費。視網膜仿生晶片包括大小為32x32的影像感測陣列、位址解碼器、時脈控制電路，及資料讀出電路。每一個畫素均包含兩個改良後的主動式畫素感測單元並帶有平滑網路連接在其感光雙載子接面二極體的基極端。一個改良後的主動式畫素感測單元包含幾個部份：光輸入元件、平滑網路、重置開關、源極追隨器。藉由一線陣列的電路模擬結果，我們驗證此晶片在空間域的特性。而實際的二維感測陣列則用利0.35微米金氧半矽製程製造，用來測試實際的晶片反應。最後利用電路模擬及實際電路量測的結果來檢驗晶片的正確性與待改進之處。

In this thesis, CMOS retinal chips for optical mouse application are proposed. The CMOS retinal chips are designed to replace the conventional image sensor integrated with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for optical mouse application, the ADC can be eliminated from the conventional optical mouse, which greatly reduces the complexity of the design. The retinal chips III with smoothing networks are adopted to achieve simple architecture, low power dissipation, and low cost. The retinal chips contains focal plane sensory arrays of 32x32 pixels, address decoders, timing control circuits, and data readout circuits. Each pixel contains two modified active pixel sensors (APS) with smoothing networks connected to the bases of the photo BJT. One modified active pixel sensor contains several pasts: photo-input, smoothing network, reset switch, source follower. Spatial characteristic of a one-dimensional array is verified via HSPICE simulations, while two-dimensional arrays of 32x32 pixels are fabricated to investigate the space-time pattern that those chips appear with subjected to a certain stimulus. The retinal chips are fabricated in 0.35-□m CMOS double-poly- quadruple-metal technology. The results of HSPICE simulation and chip measurement are used to examine the works for further improvements.