高解析度距離都普勒雷達成像流程研究

Abstract

距離都普勒雷達可以對距離軸與方位軸產生地面的二維影像，距離都普勒雷達所產生地面影像的品質決定於解析度的尺寸，而解析度尺寸可由距離與方位解析度來明確說明。好的距離解析度可以由脈波壓縮技術來獲得，而方位解析度則跟天線尺寸與工作波段的波長有關。在雷達的距離處理程序中常用匹配濾波器來得到最大的訊雜比訊號輸出並利用線性頻率調變來達到脈波壓縮的效果。在方位處理程序中即是利用天線本體的運動對待測物體的都普效應來產生線性調變的效果。故距離成像及方位成像處理程序有相同的數學模型，卻有截然不同的物理特徵及意義。基於距離壓縮與方位壓縮的原理，本篇論文主要是研究點目標模擬來建構出條帶式微波成像流程。

Range-Doppler radar can produce two-dimension imagery of the ground surface versus range and azimuth axis. The quality of ground maps generated by Range-Doppler radar is determined by the size of the resolution cell. A resolution cell is specified by both range and azimuth resolution of the system. Fine range resolution can be accomplished by using pulse compression techniques. The azimuth resolution depends on antenna size and radar wavelength of operation band. In radar range processing, it usually emphasizes the signal to noise ratio to be maximum and utilizes the linear frequency modulation to accomplish the pulse compression. However, it is utilizing the motion of antenna versus the Doppler effect of targets to produce the purpose of linear frequency modulation in azimuth processing. The range and azimuth processing have the same mathematical modal, but have the different physical characteristics and meaning. Basing on the principle of range compression and azimuth compression, the main purpose is to construct a procedure of Strip-map microwave radar by using simulation of point target in this paper.