以航機軌跡為基礎之流量管理

Abstract

由於航空交通量不斷地成長，大量航機飛行於有限的空域中，造成飛航空域擁擠，航空交通管制不易。因此若能夠採用飛機位置與速度為基礎的隔離方式以取代航路為基礎的隔離策略，並在有限的空域中規劃依航機軌跡為基礎的彈性航路，配合流量管理概念，針對控制範圍內之各航機進行飛航控制與管理，則勢必能改善空域擁擠與延滯的情形。

本研究以台北終端管制區為研究範圍，建立以航機軌跡為基礎之流量管理方式。針對到場程序所規劃之彈性航路，配合實際資料之統計及各相關參數設定，以先進先服務、最短路徑選擇以及安全隔離時間等限制規則，採用C++ Builder 5撰寫電腦程式進行模型構建。

模擬結果顯示，以實際航機飛行量資料作為輸入變數，有彈性航路較無彈性航路之實際資料可減少飛行距離8.5%，節省飛行時間12.1%；增加20%航機飛行量後，有彈性航路較無彈性航路減少飛行距離5.9%，節省飛行時間8.5%，以及減少盤旋時間30%。因此，有彈性航路的選擇，航機可以更明確且順暢之路線航行，其將可降低航管人員需時時刻刻監視的工作負荷，同時駕駛員亦能有效率的依指定路徑進場降落。

The increasing demand of civil aviation has resulted in air traffic congestion in the limited airspace. As a consequence, it causes problems in air traffic control. To effectively improve the airspace congestion and flight delay, segregation based on aircraft position and speed certainly is preferred to that of route-based, if the flexible routes based on the aircraft trajectories could be planned in limited airspace, and the flow management concept could be well implemented.

Based on aircraft trajectories, this research within Taipei Terminal Control Area build up the flow management. C ++ Builder 5 computer language was used to structure a simulation model to simulate the flexible routes which was planned for flight arrival. With parameters calculated from the ATC radar data, the model applies the first come first serve rule under the aircraft separate constraint and shortest path principle.

The simulate results showed that, with current air traffic, performance of the flying distance and time under the flexible-route was reduced by 8.5% and 12.1% respectively, when it was compared to that of the existing condition. In the case of 20% air traffic increase, in addition to the flying distance and time reduced by 5.9% and 8.5% respectively, the flight holding time was also reduced 30%. This suggests that with the flexible routes, flights can be more smoothly operated. Controller’s load could be reduced, and pilots can also approach and land aircrafts efficiently in accordance with the guided routes.