中國清朝與日本江戶時期之狐精怪形象的比較

Abstract

本論文主要的研究是中國清朝與日本江戶時期之狐精怪形象的比較。本研究運用詮釋學方法和圖像分析進行論述，探討中國與日本狐精怪的形象（image）與造形（form）。本研究發現在狐精怪形象上，日本的狐精怪大多傳承自中國，所呈現出來的形象之共通處有「善變化」、「嬌美媚人」、「通婚報恩」和「與人鬥智」四種。而中國狐精怪則又比日本多了「博學」、「狐仙的文人化與理性化」和「人性化」三種特徵。在造形上本研究也發現中國全圖中的狐精怪繼承了中國傳統人物畫的溫柔賢淑、含蓄內斂，看不出狐的特徵；日本浮世繪中的狐精怪則誇張多變、具有狐和精怪妖媚的特徵。

The research is a comparative study of fox-tricksters in China and Japan, especially focusing on related texts and images found in Xing Dynasty and Edo Period. “Image” and “Form” of fox-tricksters are two main aspects for comparison. In the aspect of “image”, this research has found that Japan’s fox trickster originated form China. The common characteristics shared between Chinese and Japanese fox trickster are“changeful” , “allure” , “reciprocator’s marriage” and “a contest of wits with human”. The unique characteristics fox trickster in China is “erudite”, “literator-like” and “humanistic”. In the aspect of “form”, fox trickster in China is graceful and implicative but not foxy. Fox trickster in Japanese ukiyo-e is freaky and exaggerative with foxy and charming characteristics.