高精度GPS高程應用於高速鐵路沿線高程測量之研究

Abstract

高速鐵路沿線之高程精度與整個工程品質具有密切之關係，平坦路段以精密水準測量進行高程之觀測，技術上及精度上均可勝任，但地形複雜高程變化較大之處，精密水準測量不易施測，在傳統上可能以三角高程之方式進行高程之量測，惟三角高程精度之好壞與是否進行氣象修正關係重大，而氣象修正又不易進行，基於上述原因，本計畫擬以GPS衛星測量進行地形變化較大區域高程之量測。 本研究的試驗區擬選擇沿高速鐵路地勢起伏較大的區域（新竹-竹南段或竹南-月眉段）約30-40公里，再進一步針對此試驗區挑選30個適當的點位為本計畫的試驗場。本計畫除了在試驗場各個點位上實施高精度GPS測量及一等直接水準測量外，吾人亦在這些點位上實施相對重力測量，並採用研究軟體Bernese 4.0以及商用軟體GPSurvey 2.3進行GPS觀測資料之解算，進而針對基線解算成果進行內部精度以及外部精度之探討，以期望能提升GPS相對定位之精度及可靠度。接著評估高精度GPS高程應用於高鐵沿線測量之作法，以及在特定的精度需求下，採用GPS高程測量取代傳統直接水準測量之可行性及適用性，並提供高精度GPS高程應用於高速鐵路沿線測量之建議。

The height precision of the route along high speed rail is important for the quality of this transportation engineering. In the even area along the route, precise leveling is a effective method. Nevertheless, this method is not suitable for the abruptly terrain area. Traditionally, triangulated heights is applied in the steep terrain area. However, the meteorologic correction for this method is difficult to execute. In this project, GPS surveying is applied in the steep terrain area for promoting the height precision. The test area of this project is chosen in a steep terrain area from Hsinchu to Chunan. The distance of the two cities is about 30-40 kilometers. 30 suitable points are chosen for executing high precision GPS surveying, precision leveling and relative gravity surveying. GPS data are processed using Bernese 4.0 version and GPSurvey 2.3 version software. The inner and exterior precision of the results are estimated. Besides, the high precision GPS method that can be applied in the high speed rail engineering is presented.