以國家創新系統分析兩岸再生能源產業政策

Abstract

聯合國環境署（United Nations Environment Program, UNEP）於 2009 年 發表「全球綠色新政（Global Green New Deal）」，獲全球主要經濟體的熱烈回 響，也陸續祭出刺激綠能開發的經濟振興計畫。綠色新政的重點之一即推廣及發 展再生能源，使能源多元化、國產化及降低對進口化石能源的依賴；同時透過節 流措施，降低能源消耗成本，有利於提升國際競爭力，進而創造新能源產業及新 就業機會等高經濟效益。加強綠能投資不但可刺激經濟發展，同時可改善解決能 源安全、氣候變遷、水資源、經濟環境等議題，重回永續發展的道路，因此各國 紛紛尋求屬於自己的經濟、能源與環境（3E）平衡點。

再生能源產業（Renewable Energy Industry）是有效解決節能減排政策的 最佳選擇，其中智慧電網能有效發揮節能效率、再生能源應用及產業發展之重要 設施。但目前智慧型電網系統缺乏全球標準規格，在 EICT 及電網整合介面也因 政策及市場性各異，需進行龐大、複雜之系統整合，短期之內難以支撐再生能源 產業的發展。且兩岸市場縱深不足，難以支撐非標準化的再生能源產業發展，須 配合能源服務公司（ESCO）提供完整機制，輔助再生能源產業發展。而再生能源 產業供應端屬高科技系統整合的製造業，需求端則屬結構性的服務業，其本質發 展差異需藉由國家政策修正。

本研究透過一套分析性的國家創新系統（National Innovation System, NIS） 模型，從國家面、產業面、企業面進行分析，探討兩岸再生能源、智慧電網與 ESCO 發展之企業策略、產業環境結構與國家政策，以需求面與供給面之再生能 源產業政策及工具，探討兩岸三大產業之政策特質及未來方向。

The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) published the "Global Green New Deal" in 2009. The world's major economies have given an enthusiastic response, and are starting to reposition themselves to stimulate the economic revitalization the of green energy development. Green New Deal seeks to promote and develop renewable energy (or distributed energy resources, DERs), energy diversification, domestic production, and reduce dependence on imported fuels. Also, through cost saving measures, it seeks to reduce energy consumption costs and help improve international competitiveness, thereby creating new energy industries, and employment opportunities for higher economic efficiency. "Green" can strengthen, as well as stimulate, economic developments and investments, while improving energy security. It can alleviate the adverse effects resulting from climate change, water resource, economic and environmental issues. Also, it makes government to refocus on sustainable developments, such that countries may seek their own strategy for the 3E balance.

DERs are an effective means to implement emissions reductions policy. When combining with the smart grid, not only can numerous applications of DERs with the better efficiency be implemented, a viable business model for profitability also can be achieved. Among all factors amid the development of modern utility industry, regulations and policy tools are central to efficacy of the industry. However, as a result of different policy propositions and goals, various regulations and policies are enacted to insure their applicability in the local market.

The research focuses on a cross-strait policy analysis for the industries of DERs, smart grids, and the ESCO service, the last being the most critical institutional component for the energy industry. An analytics of national systems of innovation will be employed to assess the policy imperatives for the supply and demand sides of the industry. In particular, industrial leadership derived from the firm, industrial and national levels will be addresses. Resulting policy analysis will be presented in a systematic manner such that practical policy recommendations may be delivered.