一維高分子奈米材料的製備及其不穩定性研究

Abstract

近幾年來，由於其獨特的特性與潛在的應用，一維高分子奈米材料的製作已經引起 了廣泛的注意。許多使用一維高分子奈米材料的應用都已經被開發出來，例如有機太陽 能電池、場效電晶體、以及藥物傳遞等方向。在許多製作一維高分子奈米材料的方法中， 模板法(template method)是一個很主要的方法。不同的高分子材料首先被引入孔洞形的 模板，在將模板選擇性移除掉以後，就可以得到不同的高分子奈米材料。模板法最主要 的好處就是所製做出奈米材料的大小可以簡單地被模板的孔洞大小所精確地控制。雖然 以模板法來製作奈米材料的概念很簡單，但是這些高分子材料在模板中形成的機制仍然 沒有被清楚地了解。許多在模板法過程中的關鍵因素仍然需要進一步深入地探討，例如 高分子的分子量與玻璃轉移溫度、濃度、溶劑、濕度、孔洞大小、與孔洞牆壁的極性等 因素。在本計畫我們將探討這些不同因素對於所形成高分子奈米材料形態的影響，希望 能夠做一個系統性的研究。除此之外，我們將探討這些高分子奈米材料在之後受到退火 (annealing)處理後所產生的不穩定(instability)狀態以及可能產生的新型結構。最後，我們 也將嘗試利用不穩定狀態所產生的新型結構來製作新穎的功能性材料(functional materials)，例如二氧化鈦(TiO2)、二氧化矽(SiO2)、或是碳材等。

In recent years, the fabrication of one-dimensional (1-D) polymer nanomaterials has received much attention because of their unique properties and potential applications. Many applications of 1-D polymer nanomaterials have been developed, such as organic solar cells, field-effect transistors, and drug delivery. The template method is one of the most commonly used methods to make 1-D polymer nanomaterials. Different polymer materials are first introduced into the nanopores of the porous templates. After selectively removing the template, the polymer nanomaterials can be obtained. The main advantage of the template method is that the size of the fabricated nanomaterials can be precisely controlled by the pore size of the templates. Although the concept of making nanomaterials by using templates is simple, the mechanism of forming the polymer nanomaterials inside the nanopore is still not clear. Many crucial factors in the process have not been clearly investigated, such as the molecular weight and glass transition of the polymer, concentration, solvent, humidity, pore size, and surface polarity of the pores of the template. Here, we will investigate the effect of these factors systematically on the morphology of the formed nanomaterials. In addition, we will investigate the instability phenomenon of these polymer nanomaterials and possible new structures after annealing treatment. Finally, we will apply these new structures for generating novel functional materials such as TiO2, SiO2, or carbon materials.