利用奈米粉體提昇纖維複合材料球拍機械特性之研究

Abstract

本研究主要探討添加奈米顆粒及橡膠顆粒，對樹脂複材及纖維複合材料阻尼特性及撓曲 剛性之影響。一般而言，雖然加入橡膠顆粒會有效地提昇材料阻尼特性，但往往也會導 致材料剛性大幅降低。為了不影響纖維複合材料撓曲剛性，本研究提出利用添加二氧化 矽奈米顆粒及橡膠顆粒的方法，有來效地增加材料阻尼特性。其主要概念為，除利用二 氧化矽顆粒來補償因橡膠顆粒所導致撓曲剛性降低外，也同時利用二氧化矽奈米顆粒及 橡膠顆粒，同步來提昇材料的阻尼效應。為驗證上述概念，我們利用超音波震盪器，均 勻分散奈米顆粒及橡膠顆粒於樹脂中，並利用手積層佐以真空袋封裝方式來製造纖維/樹 脂奈米複合材料。經由振動實驗，我們可以量得材料的頻率響應圖，及其共振頻率。透 過半功率法及共振頻率，我們將可分別求得材料的阻尼比及其撓曲剛性。結果發現，不 管是二氧化矽奈米粉體或橡膠顆粒，均能提昇樹脂複材的阻尼特性；當添加的比例為 10wt%二氧化矽粉體及10wt%橡膠顆粒時，材料顯然有較佳的阻尼特性，同時間材料的撓 曲剛性也幾乎不受到影響。本計畫以目前結果為依據，將更進一步把含有奈米顆粒及橡 膠顆粒的樹脂會浸於纖維中，形成混合式纖維複合材料，並了解其相關機械特性。此混 合式複合材料技術概念，將應用至勝利體育有限公司以利其未來二代羽球拍之發展。

The research aims to modify the damping properties as well as the flexural stiffness of epoxy-based nanocomposites and fiber reinforced composites using silica nanoparticles together with rubber particles. Two kinds of rubber particles, one is the reactive liquid rubber (CTBN) and the other is the core shell rubber (CSR) were employed in this investigation. In general, the disadvantage of adding rubber particles into polymeric resin is the dramatic reduction of stiffness although the damping could be improved accordingly. In order to enhance the damping properties of the fiber composites without sacrificing their stiffness, the silica nanoparticles in conjunction with the rubber particles were introduced into the epoxy matrix through the sonication process to form the epoxy-based nanocomposites. Furthermore, the epoxy based nanocomposites were treated as matrix and impregnated into the fiber layer through a vacuum hand lay-up process to fabricate the composite laminates. The damping performances of the nanocomposites as well as the composite laminates were determined from the forced vibration technique together with the half power method. Meanwhile, the flexural stiffness of the material systems was evaluated by the resonance frequency obtained from the vibration tests. Results indicated that either silica nanoparticles or rubber particles can improve the damping responses of the epoxy-based nanocomposites. However, it was found that when the rubber particles were present only, the stiffness of the nanocomposites was dramatically reduced. By introducing the hybrid material systems (10wt% silica nanoparticles and 10wt% rubber particles), the superior damping properties and flexural stiffness can be concurrently accomplished. Moreover, if the hybrid material system was employed as matrix materials in the fiber composites laminates, this enhanced damping property may also be observed in the vibration tests. The concept as well as the technology on the hybrid fiber composites will be extended to Vector company for their future development of next generation badminton racket.