A KINETIC ENERGY REDUCTION TECHNIQUE AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE GROUND STATES OF SPIN-1 BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES

Abstract

We justify some characterizations of the ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates exhibited from numerical simulations. For ferromagnetic systems, we show the validity of the single-mode approximation (SMA). For an antiferromagnetic system with nonzero magnetization, we prove the vanishing of the m(F) = 0 component. In the end of the paper some remaining degenerate situations are also discussed. The proofs of the main results are all based on a simple observation, that a redistribution of masses among different components will reduce the kinetic energy.