Room-temperature ferromagnetism in carbon- and nitrogen-doped rutile TiO2

Abstract

Marked room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was obtained in carbon- and nitrogen-doped rutile powders. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed the co-existence of considerable densities of states near the Fermi level () and oxygen vacancies primarily induced by C- and N-doping. Density functional theory calculations showed that the local moments responsible for the observed RTFM in N-doped were primarily attributed to the partially populated, spin-polarized Ti band. In addition to the unfilled Ti band, the spin splitting in C states near in C-doped , which may be induced by the interaction between the C impurities and neighboring oxygen ions, results in Stoner band-splitting-type ferromagnetism.