A two-dimensional beam-scanning linear active leaky-wave antenna array

Abstract

This letter presents a new technique fur electronic two-dimensional beam scanning using a phase-shifterless linear active leaky-wave antenna array. The varactor-tuned voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) and coupling network are implemented in this array. The measured pattern of this 4 x 1 leaky-wave antenna array shows that the main beam can be continuously scanned from 68 degrees to 40 degrees in elevation as the frequency varied from 8.24 to 9.15 GHz. By tuning the free-running frequencies of the end elements, the main beam can be continuously scanned from -26 degrees to +10 degrees in azimuth, A maximum ERP of 667 mW is measured at 8.9 GHz for this active antenna array.