Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-03-15"

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Highly efficient drug delivery systems based on functional supramolecular polymers: In vitro evaluation
(2016-03-15)
Cheng, Chih-Chia
;
Chang, Feng-Chih
;
Kao, Wan-Yi
;
Hwang, Shiaw-Min
;
Liao, Li-Chuan
The novel concept of modifying and enhancing the properties of existing functional micelles through self-complementary interactions has significant potential. In this study, a practical approach to living polymerization of functionalized thermoresponsive monomers enabled the incorporation of self constituted multiple hydrogen bonded groups into micelles that have potential as supramolecular drug-delivery systems. Phase transitions and morphological studies in aqueous solution showed that the microstructure can be controlled to achieve well-defined vesicle-like micelles with respect to the strength of the hydrogen bond segment. Thus, the resulting micelles have a very low critical micellization concentration and very high loading capacity (16.1%), making the loading process extremely stable and efficient. Incorporation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) affected the micellization process in aqueous solution and enabled fine-tuning of drug loading and precise control of drug release rate with excellent sensitivity. Release studies in vitro showed that DOX-loaded micelles exerted dose dependent cytotoxicity against human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells at the physiological temperature of 37 degrees C. In addition, DOX-loaded micelles were efficiently endocytosed by the cancer cells, which may enable the micelles to serve as suitable vehicles for effective delivery of anticancer drugs to primary tumors and metastatic disease. This newly developed material may provide a potential route towards next-generation drug delivery vehicles. Statement of Significance A breakthrough innovation in water-based thermo-responsive polymers has enabled significant progress in developing smart stimuli-responsive nanocarriers by generating novel "supramolecular polymeric micelles" via self-complementary hydrogen-bonding interactions. These newly developed micelles exhibit extremely high micellar stability and drug loading capacity (up to 16%), excellent thermo-responsive behavior and precise control of drug release rate due to hydrogen-bond-induced physical cross-linking. In addition, doxorubicin-loaded micelles were efficiently endocytosed by the cancer cells, which allows them to serve as suitable vehicles for effective delivery of anticancer drugs to primary tumors and metastatic disease. Thus, this work provides a potential route for the development of next generation multifunctional nanocarriers that have improved safety and to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer therapy. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Probable high prevalence of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D in Taiwan
(2016-03-15)
Liang, Wen-Chen
;
Chou, Po-Ching
;
Hung, Chia-Cheng
;
Su, Yi-Ning
;
Kan, Tsu-Min
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD2D), an autosomal-recessive inherited LGMD, is caused by the mutations in SGCA. SGCA encodes alpha-sarcoglycan (SG) that forms a heterotetramer with other SGs in the sarcolemma, and comprises part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. The frequency of LGMD2D is variable among different ethnic backgrounds, and so far only a few patients have been reported in Asia. We identified five patients with a novel homozygous mutation of c.101G>T (p.Arg34Leu) in SGCA from a big aboriginal family ethnically consisting of two tribes in Taiwan. Patient 3 is the maternal uncle of patients 1 and 2. All their parents, heterozygous for c.101G>T, denied consanguineous marriages although they were from the same tribe. The heterozygous parents of patients 4 and 5 were from two different tribes, originally residing in different geographic regions in Taiwan. Haplotype analysis showed that all five patients shared the same mutation-associated haplotype, indicating the probability of a founder effect and consanguinity. The results suggest that the carrier rate of c.101G>T in SGCA may be high in Taiwan, especially in the aboriginal population regardless of the tribes. It is important to investigate the prevalence of LGMD2D in Taiwan for early diagnosis and treatment (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Efficient algorithms for mining high-utility itemsets in uncertain databases
(2016-03-15)
Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei
;
Gan, Wensheng
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Fournier-Viger, Philippe
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Hong, Tzung-Pei
;
Tseng, Vincent S.
High-utility itemset mining (HUIM) is a useful set of techniques for discovering patterns in transaction databases, which considers both quantity and profit of items. However, most algorithms for mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) assume that the information stored in databases is precise, i.e., that there is no uncertainty. But in many real-life applications, an item or itemset is not only present or absent in transactions but is also associated with an existence probability. This is especially the case for data collected experimentally or using noisy sensors. In the past, many algorithms were respectively proposed to effectively mine frequent itemsets in uncertain databases. But mining HUIs in an uncertain database has not yet been proposed, although uncertainty is commonly seen in real-world applications. In this paper, a novel framework, named potential high-utility itemset mining (PHUIM) in uncertain databases, is proposed to efficiently discover not only the itemsets with high utilities but also the itemsets with high existence probabilities in an uncertain database based on the tuple uncertainty model. The PHUI-UP algorithm (potential high-utility itemsets upper-bound-based mining algorithm) is first presented to mine potential high-utility itemsets (PHUIs) using a level-wise search. Since PHUI-UP adopts a generate-and test approach to mine PHUIs, it suffers from the problem of repeatedly scanning the database. To address this issue, a second algorithm named PHUI-List (potential high-utility itemsets PU-list-based mining algorithm) is also proposed. This latter directly mines PHUIs without generating candidates, thanks to a novel probability-utility-list (PU-list) structure, thus greatly improving the scalability of PHUI mining. Substantial experiments were conducted on both real-life and synthetic datasets to assess the performance of the two designed algorithms in terms of runtime, number of patterns, memory consumption, and scalability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Development of Novel Reactions Induced by Coherent Molecular Vibrational Excitation and Direct Observation of Molecular Structural Change during "Thermal" Reactions
(2016-03-15)
Iwakural, Izumi
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Yabushita, Atsushi
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電子物理學系
;
Department of Electrophysics
Femtochemistry began from the observation of transition states (TSs) in gas-phase photoreactions. Later developments in visible ultrashort laser pulses enabled visualization of real-time changes in the molecular vibrational modes during photo reactions, including those in the liquid phase. However, TSs in thermal reactions could still not be studied, because the conventional femtosecond laser pulse cannot trigger chemical reactions in the electronic ground state. In the present work, a visible ultrashort laser pulse was used to cause an induced Raman process, whereby Raman active molecular vibrational modes were excited in the electronic ground states, which triggers the reaction induced by coherent molecular vibrational excitation in the electronic ground state just after photo excitation. Using the "reaction by coherent molecular vibration", we have successfully observed the TSs in a "thermal" reaction, thermal Claisen rearrangement.
作為Ｄ－胺基酸氧化?抑制劑之已知化合物之用途
(2016-03-16)
曾宇鳳
;
劉玉麗
;
孫仲銘
;
胡海國
;
劉智民
本發明利用虛擬篩選策略來尋找目前市場上的藥物作為抗精神分裂症療法，即藥物再利用。藥物再利用策略發現既有藥物原本醫學適應症以外之新用途。由於已知藥物通常具有可接受之安全性及藥物動力學特性，故發現該等藥物之新的適應症將使有需要之患者更早的受益於潛在新療法。在此研究中，利用對出售藥物及其代謝物之虛擬篩選實施對用於DAAO抑制劑之出售藥物作為新穎精神分裂症療法之再利用。利用活體外DAAO?抑制分析進一步證實經鑑別且可用之藥物及化合物。
環狀微刻度時間數位轉換器
(2016-03-16)
蘇俊仁
;
洪崇智
一種環狀微刻度時間數位轉換器，其係利用環狀形式重複偵測一領先訊號與一落後訊號的相位差距，並透過複數個多階延遲單元，控制脈波訊號可以在迴路中持續運行，達到很寬的偵測範圍，細的精準度，以及低功率消耗等優勢。一預先處理邏輯電路更可用以決定落後訊號進入延遲迴路的位置，用以加速偵測速度，並提供一計數冗餘校正器來做校正用途。計數冗餘校正器則使用預先處理邏輯的偵測結果來決定從粗計數器切換成細計數器運作的時間。藉由此兩種技術，本發明同時降低電路的硬體消耗成本、達成低功率消耗與解決計數錯誤的問題。
用於促進癌細胞凋亡的化合物、其醫藥組成物及其用途
(2016-03-16)
趙瑞益
;
王舒霈
;
陳清漂
;
殷凱浩
;
楊進木
本發明係提供一種式(I)化合物或其鹽，其中，m為2至7之整數，以及R係獨立選自由氫及C1-C20烷基所組成群組之至少一者。該化合物係用以促進癌細胞的細胞凋亡，以抑制癌細胞的生長。本發明進一步提供一種醫藥組成物，該醫藥組成物係包含式(I)之化合物或其鹽以及醫藥上可接受之載劑。本發明再進一步提供一種包含式(I)之化合物或其鹽的用途，係用於製造治療癌症之藥物。
蛋白質結晶形成及結晶成長的方法以及裝置
(2016-03-16)
岡野和宣
;
?原宏
;
三浦篤志
;
明石?
;
?上友亮
蛋白質結晶裝置，包括半開放式的樣品槽、飛秒脈衝雷射產生器、光學儀器、噴墨型噴射器、飛秒脈衝雷射及噴墨型噴射器的控制器。在半開放式的樣品腔中製備蛋白質液滴。接著，將聚焦的飛秒雷射聚焦於滴入之蛋白質液滴與空氣之間的介面，並且使用噴墨式噴射器持續的加入蛋白質溶液以用於獲得蛋白質結晶。將飛秒雷射聚焦於滴入之蛋白質液滴及空氣之間的介面用於誘發蛋白質結晶的形成。溶液小滴連續噴入到蛋白質液滴，以控制蛋白質濃度及攪動蛋白質液滴，使得加速蛋白質晶體的成長。
取樣電路及主從正反器
(2016-03-16)
周世傑
;
楊家驤
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劉瑋昌
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羅其偉
;
詹慶達
一種取樣電路包含一第一閂鎖、一第二閂鎖以及一訊號轉換偵測器。第一閂鎖設置於一邏輯電路之上游側。第二閂鎖設置於邏輯電路之下游側。第一閂鎖以及第二閂鎖分別依據一參考時脈以及一控制時脈所產生之一觸發時脈切換至彼此狀態相反之一鎖定狀態或一穿透狀態。訊號轉換偵測器用以偵測邏輯電路所輸出之訊號是否錯誤，並輸出相對應之控制時脈。上述之取樣電路可在發生時序錯誤時延遲切換第二閂鎖至鎖定狀態以及切換第一閂鎖至穿透狀態，以正確取樣。
A High-Sensitivity and Low-Power Theranostic Nanosystem for Cell SERS Imaging and Selectively Photothermal Therapy Using Anti-EGFR-Conjugated Reduced Graphene Oxide/Mesoporous Silica/AuNPs Nanosheets
(2016-03-16)
Chen, Yu-Wei
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Liu, Ting-Yu
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Chen, Po-Jung
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Chang, Po-Hsueh
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Chen, San-Yuan
A high-sensitivity and low-power theranostic nanosystem that combines with synergistic photothermal therapy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping is constructed by mesoporous silica self-assembly on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with nanogap-aligned gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) encapsulated and arranged inside the nanochannels of the mesoporous silica layer. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a Raman reporter is then encapsulated into the nanochannels and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is conjugated on the nanocomposite surface, defined as anti-EGFR-PEG-rGO@CPSS-Au-R6G, where PEG is polyethylene glycol and CPSS is carbon porous silica nanosheets. SERS spectra results show that rGO@CPSS-Au-R6G enhances 5 x 10(6) magnification of the Raman signals and thus can be applied in the noninvasive cell tracking. Furthermore, it displays high sensitivity (detection limits: 10(-8) M R6G solution) due to the "hot spots" effects by the arrangements of AuNPs in the nanochannels of mesoporous silica. The highly selective targeting of overexpressing EGFR lung cancer cells (A549) is observed in the anti-EGFR-PEG-rGO@CPSS-Au-R6G, in contrast to normal cells (MRC-5). High photothermal therapy efficiency with a low power density (0.5 W cm(-2)) of near-infrared laser can be achieved because of the synergistic effect by conjugated AuNPs and rGO nanosheets. These results demonstrate that the anti-EGFR-PEG-rGO@CPSS-Au-R6G is an excellent new theranostic nanosystem with cell targeting, cell tracking, and photothermal therapy capabilities.
記憶體結構及其製備方法
(2016-03-16)
劉柏村
;
范揚順
;
陳鈞罄
一種記憶體結構，包含一控制單元以及一記憶單元電性連接至控制單元。控制單元包含一源極與一汲極；一主動層，接觸源極之一部分及汲極之一部分；一閘極層；以及一閘極絕緣層，位於主動層與閘極層之間。記憶單元包含一底電極層；一頂電極層；以及一電阻切換層，電阻切換層位於底電極層以及頂電極層之間，其中電阻切換層與主動層之材質為氧化鋁鋅錫。
Exploration of Energy Modulations in Novel RhB-TPE-Based Bichromophoric Materials via Interactions of Cu2+ Ion under Various Semiaqueous and Micellar Conditions
(2016-03-16)
Singh, Ravinder
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Dwivedi, Atul Kumar
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Singh, Ashutosh
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Lin, Chien-Min
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Arumugaperumal, Reguram
Novel bichromophoric materials TR-A and TR-B consisting of an entirely new combination of TPE and RhB units were developed to explore the optimum conditions of energy modulations via pH variation and Cu2+ interaction at various water contents of CH3CN. Interestingly, TR-A and TR-B, at 60 and 70% water contents; respectively, favored the optimum Cu2+-mediated energy modulations from TPE to RhB and thus achieve the brightest orange emissions of free RhB with complete disappearance of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) from TPE. Furthermore, various micellar conditions of triton-X-100, SDS, and CTAB were employed to adjust energy modulations of TR-A and TR-B at high water contents (at 80 and 90%, respectively). The incorporation of RhB into triton-X-100 micellar cavities disrupted AIE from TPE; thus, none of the energy modulations from TPE to RhB occurred even in the presence of Cu2+ ion. Interestingly, the micellar conditions of anionic surfactant (SDS) favored the increased local concentration of Cu2+ ions in the vicinity of scavangable RhB and facilitated the generation of noncyclic free RhB in situ via bright-orange emissions.
資源分配方法、基地台、資源請求方法及使用者設備
(2016-03-16)
林盈達
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梁雲豪
;
古佳育
;
賴源正
一種資源分配方法、基地台、資源請求方法及使用者設備。所述資源分配方法包括：接收對應於至少一使用者設備的至少一目標清單，其中至少一目標清單中的第一目標清單包括對應於第一目標清單的第一使用者設備與多個特定基地台之間的多個通道品質以及所述多個特定基地台；從至少一使用者設備中找出具有最低通道資源需求的第二使用者設備；判斷基地台的負載狀態是否足以服務第二使用者設備；若是，依據最低通道資源需求對第二使用者設備分配第一通訊資源。
Poisson-Fermi Modeling of the Ion Exchange Mechanism of the Sodium/Calcium Exchanger
(2016-03-17)
Liu, Jinn-Liang
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Hsieh, Hann-jeng
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Eisenberg, Bob
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應用數學系
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Department of Applied Mathematics
The ion exchange mechanism of the sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) crystallized by Liao et al. in 2012 is studied using the Poisson Fermi theory developed by Liu and Eisenberg in 2014. A cycle of binding and unbinding is proposed to account for the Na+/Ca2+ exchange function of the NCX molecule. Outputs of the theory include electric and steric fields of ions with different sizes, correlations of ions of different charges, and polarization of water, along with number densities of ions, water molecules, and interstitial voids. We calculate the electrostatic and steric potentials of the four binding sites in NCX, i.e., three Nal" binding sites and one Ca2+ binding site, with protein charges provided by the software PDB2PQR. The energy profiles of Na+ and Ca2+ ions along their respective Na+ and Ca2+ pathways in experimental conditions enable us to explain the fundamental mechanism of NCX that extrudes intracellular Ca2+ across the cell membrane against its chemical gradient by using the downhill gradient of Nat Atomic and numerical details of the binding sites are given to illustrate the 3 Na+:1 Ca2+ stoichiometry of NCX. The protein NCX is a catalyst. It does not provide (free) energy for transport. All energy for transport in our model comes from the ions in surrounding baths.
Manipulating Polycrystalline Silicon Nanowire FET Characteristics by Light Illumination
(2016-03-17)
Chen, Chien-Hung
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Lin, Chih-Heng
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Yang, Yuh-Shyong
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Hwang, Chi-Hung
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生物科技學系
Polycrystalline silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (poly-SiNW FET) has attracted many attentions in the past decade because of its ultrasensitive, label-free, and real-time response for potential sensing applications particular for biosensors. In this paper, the changes of the electric characteristics of poly-SiNW FET introduced by light illumination are studied systematically. Particularly, the red light (635 nm) and UV light (365 nm) are employed as light sources. Both lights are projected on the poly-SiNW FETs installed and are tested in air or in a vacuum (0.1 Ton) chamber. The results show that both light sources can change the electric characteristics of poly-SiNW FET which indicates that the photoelectronic effect can manipulate both n- and p-type devices of poly-SiNW FET; meanwhile, results also support the potential of poly-SiNW FET in air and in the vacuum environment for optoelectronic sensing applications.
Properties of Plasmon-Induced Photoelectric Conversion on a TiO2/NiO p-n Junction with Au Nanoparticles
(2016-03-17)
Nakamura, Keisuke
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Oshikiri, Tomoya
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Ueno, Kosei
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Wang, Yongming
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Kamata, Yoshiomi
We have successfully fabricated all-solid-state plasmonic photoelectric conversion devices composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/nickel oxide (NiO) p-n junctions with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as prototype devices for a plasmonic solar cell. The characteristics of the crystal structures and the photoelectric properties of the all-solid-state devices were demonstrated. We observed that the crystalline structure of the NiO thin film and the interfacial structure of TiO2/Au-NPs/NiO changed significantly during an annealing treatment. Furthermore, the photoelectric conversion devices exhibited plasmon-induced photocurrent generation in the visible-wavelength region. The photo current may result from plasmon-induced charge separation. The photoelectric conversion properties via plasmon-induced charge separation were strongly correlated with the morphology of the TiO2/Au-NPs/NiO interface. The long-term stability of the plasmonic photoelectric conversion device was found to be very high because a stable photocurrent was observed even after irradiation for 3 days.
Synthesis and Isomeric Effects of Ladder-Type Alkylated Terbenzodithiophene Derivatives
(2016-03-18)
Chen, Yung-Lung
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Hsu, Jhih-Yang
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Lin, Fang-Yu
;
Lai, Yu-Ying
;
Chou, Hsiao-Chieh
A new class of heptacyclic ladder-type terbenzodithiophene (TBDT) structures merging three fused benzodithophenes was developed. Two TBDT conjugated isomers, named as syn-TBDT and anti-TBDT, where the two thienyl rings in the outmost BDT units are in the syn- and anti-fashion, are designed. Two decyl groups are introduced to their 6,13 and 7,14-positions to form four isomeric 6,13-syn-TBDT, 7,14-syn-TBDT, 6,13-anti-TBDT, and 7,14-anti-TBDT structures which are constructed by the DBU-induced 6-benzannulation involving propargyl-allenyl isomerization of the dieneyne moieties in the corresponding precursors followed by 6 pi-electro-cyclization/aromatization, while isomeric TD-syn-TBDT and TD-anti-TBDT with four decyl groups substituted at 6,7,13,14-positions are synthesized via palladium-catalyzed dialkylacetylene insertion/C-H arylation of the corresponding iodobiaryl precursors. The intrinsic properties can be modulated by molecular manipulation of the main-chain and side-chain isomeric structures. anti-TBDT derivatives exhibit higher melting points, larger bandgaps, stronger intermolecular interactions, and higher mobility than the corresponding syn-TBDT analogues. These molecules can be further utilized as building blocks to make various TBDT-based materials for optoelectronic applications.
Photo-induced Doping in GaN Epilayers with Graphene Quantum Dots
(2016-03-18)
Lin, T. N.
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Inciong, M. R.
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Santiago, S. R. M. S.
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Yeh, T. W.
;
Yang, W. Y.
We demonstrate a new doping scheme where photo-induced carriers from graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be injected into GaN and greatly enhance photoluminescence (PL) in GaN epilayers. An 8.3-fold enhancement of PL in GaN is observed after the doping. On the basis of time-resolved PL studies, the PL enhancement is attributed to the carrier transfer from GQDs to GaN. Such a carrier transfer process is caused by the work function difference between GQDs and GaN, which is verified by Kelvin probe measurements. We have also observed that photocurrent in GaN can be enhanced by 23-fold due to photo-induced doping with GQDs. The improved optical and transport properties from photoinduced doping are promising for applications in GaN-based optoelectronic devices.
漫遊輕小說
(2016-03-20)
陳緯僑
;
Department of Communication and Technology
;
傳播與科技學系
輕小說是許多年輕人愛不釋手的讀物之一，除了讀者，其影響力也間接擴及青少年的生活與次文化當中。
職棒二十六　精彩回顧
(2016-03-20)
李宗諺
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Department of Communication and Technology
;
傳播與科技學系
中華職棒迄今邁入第二十七個年頭，每一年都有它值得回味的地方，讓我們回顧去年、放眼今年。