Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-06-26"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 10431

Recurrent symbiont recruitment from fungal parasites in cicadas
(2018-06-26)
Matsuura, Yu
;
Moriyama, Minoru
;
Lukasik, Piotr
;
Vanderpool, Dan
;
Tanahashi, Masahiko
Diverse insects are associated with ancient bacterial symbionts, whose genomes have often suffered drastic reduction and degeneration. In extreme cases, such symbiont genomes seem almost unable to sustain the basic cellular functioning, which comprises an open question in the evolution of symbiosis. Here, we report an insect group wherein an ancient symbiont lineage suffering massive genome erosion has experienced recurrent extinction and replacement by host-associated pathogenic microbes. Cicadas are associated with the ancient bacterial co-obligate symbionts Sulcia and Hodgkinia, whose streamlined genomes are specialized for synthesizing essential amino acids, thereby enabling the host to live on plant sap. However, our inspection of 24 Japanese cicada species revealed that while all species possessed Sulcia, only nine species retained Hodgkinia, and their genomes exhibited substantial structural instability. The remaining 15 species lacked Hodgkinia and instead harbored yeastlike fungal symbionts. Detailed phylogenetic analyses uncovered repeated Hodgkinia-fungus and fungus-fungus replacements in cicadas. The fungal symbionts were phylogenetically intermingled with cicada-parasitizing Ophiocordyceps fungi, identifying entomopathogenic origins of the fungal symbionts. Most fungal symbionts of cicadas were uncultivable, but the fungal symbiont of Meimuna opalifera was cultivable, possibly because it is at an early stage of fungal symbiont replacement. Genome sequencing of the fungal symbiont revealed its metabolic versatility, presumably capable of synthesizing almost all amino acids, vitamins, and other metabolites, which is more than sufficient to compensate for the Hodgkinia loss. These findings highlight a straightforward ecological and evolutionary connection between parasitism and symbiosis, which may provide an evolutionary trajectory to renovate deteriorated ancient symbiosis via pathogen domestication.
Hierarchical Polymer Structures Using Templates and the Modified Breath Figure Method
(2018-06-26)
Lee, Lin-Ruei
;
Liu, Chih-Ting
;
Tseng, Hsiao-Fan
;
Lin, Kuan-Ting
;
Chu, Chien-Wei
Hierarchical structures are commonly observed in nature and possess unique properties. The fabrication of hierarchical structures with well-controlled sizes in different length scales, however, is still a great challenge. To further understand the morphologies and properties of the hierarchical structures, here we present a novel strategy to prepare hierarchical polymer structures by combining the modified breath figure method and the template method. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) honeycomb films with regular micropores are first prepared using the modified breath figure method by dipping PMMA films into mixtures of chloroform and methanol. The polymer chains on the honeycomb films are then annealed and wetted into the nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide templates via capillary forces, resulting in the formation of hierarchical polymer structures. The morphologies of the polymer structures, which can be controlled by the molecular weights of the polymers and the concentrations of the polymer solutions, are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The surface wettabilities of the polymer structures are also examined by water contact angle measurements, and the hierarchical structures are observed to be more hydrophobic than the flat films and honeycomb films. This work not only provides a feasible approach to fabricate hierarchical polymer structures with controlled sizes but also gives a better understanding of the relationship between surface morphologies and properties.
Cross-linked Triarylamine-Based Hole-Transporting Layer for Solution-Processed PEDOT:PSS-Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
(2018-06-27)
Chang, Chia-Chih
;
Tao, Jhih-Hao
;
Tsai, Che-En
;
Cheng, Yen-Ju
;
Hsu, Chain-Shu
The device performance of inverted organic metallohalide perovskite solar cells (OMPSCs) is optimized via tailoring the electrode surfaces with electron- and hole-transporting materials. This work demonstrates the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS-free OMPSCs using' a hole-transporting composite material consisting of bilayered vanadium oxide (VOx) and a thermally cross-linked triarylamine-based material X-DVTPD, which contributes to higher V-oc and J(sc) values. The hydrophobicity of X-DVTPD resulted in the formation of large perovskite crystals and enhanced the stability of OMPSCs. Integration of ionic fullerene derivative, fulleropyrrolidinium iodide, in OMPSCs as a hole-blocking interfacial layer at the interface with Ag proves effective to further boost the device efficiency to 18.08%.
Femtosecond Laser Trapping Dynamics of Nanoparticles: A Single Transient Assembly Formation Leading to Their Directional Ejection
(2018-06-28)
Chiang, Wei-Yi
;
Usrnan, Anwar
;
Sugiyama, Teruki
;
Hofkens, Johan
;
Masuhara, Hiroshi
We investigated femtosecond laser trapping dynamics of silica nanoparticles with different hydrophobic surface properties. We demonstrated that the hydrophobic surface on the silica nanoparticles facilitates mutual association of the nanoparticles in the optical trapping site. Such association of optically trapped nanoparticles is a prerequisite to induce their directional ejection away from the trapping site. The directional ejection of the optically trapped nanoparticles is most probably due to asymmetric three-dimensional ejecting forces generated by the electromagnetic interaction between transient assembly in the focal spot and the incident pulses. These findings provide important insights into the directional ejection of nanoparticles from the trapping site in the femtosecond laser trapping, and this physicochemical phenomenon is controlled by both the trapping laser and material properties.
Anisotropic power-law inflation of the five dimensional scalar-vector and scalar-Kalb-Ramond model
(2018-06-28)
Do, Tuan Q.
;
Kao, W. F.
;
物理研究所
;
Institute of Physics
We will study the cosmological implications of the five dimensional scalar-vector and scalar-Kalb-Ramond model. In particular, a new set of Bianchi type I power-law analytic solution will be obtained for this model. The cosmic no-hair conjecture can be shown to break down in the presence of the scalar-vector and scalar-Kalb-Ramond couplings. The effect of the Kalb-Ramond field in the presence of the power-law solution will be shown explicitly. We will also show that the presence of a phantom field does, however, destabilize the corresponding Bianchi type I power-law inflationary solutions.
Plasmon-Assisted Polarity Switching of a Photoelectric Conversion Device by UV and Visible Light Irradiation
(2018-06-28)
Nakamura, Keisuke
;
Oshikiri, Tomoya
;
Ueno, Kosei
;
Katase, Takayoshi
;
Ohta, Hiromichi
The plasmon-induced charge separation between metallic nanoparticles and a semiconductor following an electron transfer process has been extensively studied as one of the mechanisms in plasmonic light energy conversion devices. In this study, we propose that the switching of photocurrent polarity can be realized by changing the rectification properties of plasmonic photoelectric conversion devices and utilizing the difference in carrier mobility between electrons and holes. We fabricated plasmonic photoelectric conversion devices using gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), nickel oxide (NiO), and mobility-limited TiO2 (ML-TiO2) to control the photocurrent polarity according to irradiation wavelengths of visible and UV light. A pulsed laser deposition technique was employed to deposit the ML-TiO2 and NiO layers. The photoelectric properties were measured, and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements were performed to investigate the relationship between the rectification properties of the plasmonic photoelectric conversion devices and the change in the Fermi level of the Au-NPs under UV light irradiation condition. Additionally, UV and visible light irradiation selectively induced the current of opposite polarity with the small applied voltage. The electron transfer phenomena from ML-TiO2 to Au-NPs and from Au-NPs to ML-TiO2 give us important information to understand plasmon-related charge separation.
Correction of center of rotation and projection angle in synchrotron X-ray computed tomography
(2018-06-29)
Cheng, Chang-Chieh
;
Ching, Yu-Tai
;
Ko, Pai-Hung
;
Hwu, Yeukuang
;
資訊工程學系
An error in tomographic reconstruction parameters can result considerable artifacts in the reconstructed image, particularly in micro-computed tomography and nano-computed tomography. This study involved designing an automatic method for efficiently correcting errors resulting from incorrectly determined rotational axes and projection angles. In this method, errors are corrected by minimizing the "total variation" of a reconstructed image, and minimization is accomplished by using the gradient descent method. Compared with two previous methods, the proposed method achieved the best reconstruction results.
【醫療器材法規與實務講座】系列十一
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
美國為全球醫療器材主要市場之一，亦為台灣主要輸入與輸出區域，醫療器材產品相關管理規範成熟，一直為台灣醫材業者所關注。醫療器材著重產品的安全性與有效性，因此從產品設計開發、製造、測試、臨床試驗、銷售等，皆受美國TFDA監管。
熱血陽明，今夏捐血破紀錄
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
本學期第二次捐血活動，在衛保組大力宣傳下，許多師生熱烈反應，6月6、7日兩天共有308人捐血，共募得349袋熱血，創下歷年來最佳紀錄。衛保組表示，本次捐血活動獲得校友總會、校友中心以及國際獅子會的熱心贊助，推出捐血成功獎、早鳥獎、首捐獎等將近500份獎品，鼓勵大家踴躍捐血，特別是未曾捐過血的師生勇於嘗試，以擴增血源，結果獲得308人響應，其中258人捐血成功，91人更捐血500c.c.。
「校長盃」羽球賽，人社院首度奪冠
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
每到學年結束，就是「校長盃」教職員工羽球聯誼賽登場的時候。今年比賽在 6月20、21兩日熱鬧開打，共有各單位、系所約70位羽球愛好者一起切磋球技。比賽結果，由高手雲集的人社院首度奪冠。實力相當的研發處、物輔系、學務B三隊積分相同，最後根據點數分列亞軍、季軍、殿軍。首度參加「校長盃」羽球聯誼賽的郭校長，在開幕式勉勵大家說，振興體育是學校目前的重要工作之一，不管是軟硬體、教職員或學生，或者競賽型、休閒型，都希望能做得更好，謝謝體育室的籌辦和大家的參與；也希望透過兩天的聯誼賽，大家能夠聯誼、交朋友、獲得運動的樂趣，進一步提昇學校羽球的水準。
關於倒社
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
吳鎮全
成立社團和結束社團那個比較困難？我的答案是，都很難。成立的元老滿腔熱血，不一定能順利傳承給後代，但他們終究會畢業，沒有接班人或是接班人硬著頭皮撐，終究還是會倒。新成立的社團在三年內結束的，應該有一半以上。不過，沒有沉重的歷史包袱，這些社團多數可以走得很瀟灑，大不了等創社學長姐畢業後再倒。最難結束的是老社團，有的有學長姐，有的有老師，有的有校外機構等外部壓力，只剩唯一的社長，沒有新生接棒，還是不能倒。「不能倒在我手上」、「下學期新生進來，讓他接手」、「老師說……」類似「不倒翁」的說詞耳熟能詳，聽起來社團像是手握鬼牌，等著脫手抽身──我遊戲結束，抽到的人慢慢玩。我認為，如果你沒辦法熱血創一個社團，卻有機會冷血結束一個社團，那麼我會給你同樣高度的評價。或許有人會說，課外組不是應該鼓勵經營社團，怎麼會鼓勵倒社？我必須澄清，假設社長還有意願經營社團，那怕只剩社長一個人，我都願意幫他想辦法繼續，但我不能接受「不倒翁」的說詞。我認為能夠有勇氣面對歷史壓力，有責任感地結束社團，反而是值得肯定的。「倒社會記過嗎？」我曾不只一次被試探性地詢問。我不確定，是否因為現在國高中倒社有記過，導致有這樣的誤解。「不會！」從來沒有人因為倒社被記過。所以，如果你累了，一個人好苦，記得可以找我辦理停社。對了，我們行政程序稱它「停社」，停社是不是聽起來優雅多了？
【圖書館6月第2批暢銷書上架】
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
【醫療器材法規與實務講座】系列十
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
「安全、有效」是醫療器材產品從產出到能上市銷售的法規通則，台灣研發製造之醫材最先面臨的考量，都是想知道如何快速上市「換資金」以利後續金援。本單元以實際輔導時廠商的考量，提供台灣實際申請案例之過程文件參考，並輔以分享台灣及美國系統之醫療器材屬性管理與查詢，相信能提供您對於目前正在困擾的問題點有所幫助。
【提升職場工作效能演講】∼台灣自然生態之美
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
撥穗典禮司儀初體驗
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
張軒瑜
六月是台灣的畢業季，當大家都結束了在大學或研究所的生活時，今年六月我卻有了一次全新的生命體驗！五月中時，經由前一屆撥穗典禮司儀的推薦，我被推薦為這一屆撥穗典禮的司儀。這樣一件突如其來的消息，讓我有些許措手不及，也讓我遲疑了一下，心想是否該接下這個任務。一方面想著班上其實還有其他適合的司儀人選；另一方面，心又糾結在想要在人生中放手一搏，脫離自己的舒適圈，嘗試一些不同的人生經驗。最終，我被第二個理由說服了，決定接下此次的工作，想要為自己的人生添加不同的色彩。五月三十日，我帶著一顆既緊張又期待的心情，進入生命科學院的辦公室，準備領取司儀稿，並在現場演示一次。處室人員先將司儀稿與整個撥穗暨授證典禮的流程順了一次後，即叫我現場看司儀稿演示一遍。此時，我的心不停狂跳，手也緊張到不停發冷汗，但我還是努力地一字一句，依照自己的語調念了一次，也得到了不少的回饋以及建議，讓我更有信心能做好這件事。
最特別的期末考，手做高齡料理
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
本校從6月19日開始為期一週的期末考，其中一門課的考試主題是「最想做給長輩的菜」，由醫學背景的學生親自下廚，從高齡飲食需求的背景出發，將平常學到的醫學與營養知識，實際應用到菜色設計，親身體驗高齡長者的飲食需求。台灣65歲以上老年人口在今年正式突破總人口14%，正式邁入高齡社會。本校除成立高齡與健康研究中心外，各系所也積極納入高齡醫學相關課程，積極打造陽明成為高齡健康人才培育的基地，替台灣未來社會做準備。這次的料理實作期末考，是人文與社會教育中心開設的博雅通識課程──「飲食與文化：從歷史到當代生命關懷」。來自醫學系、醫工系、護理系與醫技系的30名修課同學，為了完成期末考，都必須設身處地瞭解長者的身體狀態，思考他們的飲食需求後，再親自下廚料理出適合高齡長者的料理。從瞭解需求、設計食材、採買原料、烹飪料理一氣呵成，最後由老師及同學互相討論、評量成果。
本期摘要
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
375期《陽明電子報》出刊了！
【107年實驗動物進階技術操作技能∼B班】
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
種瓜得瓜，陽明深耕社區獲居民回饋
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組
6月19日傍晚，兩顆30多斤重的大西瓜，突然出現在陽明校園內。原來這是附近三芝福成社區的老爺爺，從八連溪邊的西瓜田剛剛摘下來的。他們為了感謝陽明大學師生長期深耕社區，特地送來自己種的西瓜，讓校園內一時洋溢著濃濃的人情味。本校從2016年8月起，開設了一系列高齡心智課程，讓大學社區居民、學生、教師共創樂齡生活。其中，社區健康照護研究所在三芝福成社區長期蹲點，照顧社區長輩、陪伴孩子。社區照護所劉影梅教授表示，經過一整年的照顧、陪伴，社區中有六個長輩已經可以從輪椅站起來；社區隔代教養的孩子，也在代間學習中重建自信；不愛曬太陽的婆婆媽媽也開始做負重運動，老農、帶孫嬤也都做起強度足夠的健身運動。今年護理學院和人社院攜手推出大學部「照護科技與高齡社會」通識課程，由社區照護所劉影梅教授與心智哲學所嚴如玉助理教授共同授課。課程以照護為主題，從形上學、心靈哲學、現象學、照護倫理學、德性知識論、科技與高齡社會研究等角度切入，並帶領學生進入社區據點，進行高齡照護的踏查與對話，體驗高齡照護的實作。
【暑假接駁車行駛路線時間表】
(國立陽明大學, 2018-06-29)
陽明電子報編輯小組