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Toxicity of organic mixtures containing cyanogenic toxicants
(1996-09-01)
Chen, CY
;
Huang, CF
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
In this study we evaluated the joint actions of cyanogenic toxicants with other organic chemicals using Microtox(R) tests. Experimental results indicated that greater than additive effect seldom occurred when these chemicals were mixed with nonreactive toxicants. However, the likelihood of synergistic effects exceeded 30% when reacting with a reactive chemical. Among the cyanogenic toxicants investigated in this study, malononitrile, lactonitrile, and alpha-hydroxy-isobutyronitrile have an approx. 50% likelihood of acting via synergism mode with other reactive toxicants. On the other hand, the joint actions related to acetonitrile and allyl cyanide are either additive or less than additive. Moreover, the likelihood of encountering synergistic effects markedly increases if the slopes of the dose-response curves for the two chemicals tested are small. Therefore, slope and certain characteristics of a chemical structure can apparently be used as indices to assess the potential hazard for a specific organic mixture. Furthermore, the complex joint action exerts a certain deterministic influence over the joint action mode of cyanogenic toxicants. This type of joint action, which quite frequently leads to an obvious antagonistic or even detoxification phenomena, could have some useful toxicological and pharmacological applications. Lastly, estimating the mixture toxicity on the basis of the concentration addition model is not always appropriate considering the high percentage of cases in this study showing synergism.
Persistent photoconductivity in SiGe/Si quantum wells
(1998-07-15)
Tsai, LC
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Huang, CF
;
Fan, JC
;
Chang, YH
;
Chen, YF
Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) has been observed in boron-doped Si1-xGex/Si quantum wells. The decay kinetics of the PPC effect can be well described by a stretched-exponential function, I-ppc(t) = I-ppc(0)exp[-(t/tau)(beta)](0 < beta < 1), which is usually observed in many disorder materials. Through the studies of the PPC effect under various conditions, such as different temperature, different photon energy of photoexcitation, and different Ge content, we identify that the alloy potential fluctuations induced by compositional disorder are the origin of the PPC effect in Si1-xGex/Si quantum wells. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)00914-1].
Study of hydrogen-bonding strength in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) blends by DSC and FTIR
(2001-06-15)
Kuo, SW
;
Huang, CF
;
Chang, FC
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
The hydrogen-bonding strength of poly(epsilon -caprolactone) (PCL) blends with three different well-known hydrogen-bonding donor polymers [i.e., phenolic, poly(vinyl-phenol) (PVPh), and phenoxy] was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All blends exhibited a single glass-transition temperature with differential scanning calorimetry, which is characteristic of a miscible system. The strength of interassociation depended on the hydrogen-bonding donor group in the order phenolic/PCL > PVPh/PCL > phenoxy/PCL, which corresponds to the q value of the Kwei equation. Tn addition, the interaction energy density parameter calculated from the melting depression of PCL with the Nishi-Wang equation resulted in a similar trend in terms of the hydrogen-bonding strength. Quantitative analyses on the fraction of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups in the molten state were made with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for all systems, and good correlations between thermal behaviors and infrared results were observed. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transport and optical studies of the D--conduction band in doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells
(2001-08-01)
Lee, CH
;
Chang, YH
;
Huang, CF
;
Huang, MY
;
Lin, HH
The properties of D- ions in quantum wells were studied. It is found that, with an intermediate concentration of D- ions, electrons in the quantum wells possess both band-like and impurity-like properties. The appearance of the Quantum Hall effect makes it possible to rule out the existence of an impurity band that is separated from the conduction band. The results are interpreted in terms of the formation of a D- conduction band, with the D- band becoming a tail of the conduction band. The implications of our experimental results on the metal-insulator transitions in doped semiconductors are discussed.
Poly(acetoxystyrene-co-isobutylstyryl POSS) nanocomposites: Characterization and molecular interaction
(2002)
Xu, HY
;
Kuo, SW
;
Huang, CF
;
Chang, FC
;
應用化學系
The poly (acetoxy styrene-co-isobutyl styryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes)s (PAS-POSS) were synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by FTIR, high resolution NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The results show that the POSS content can be controlled by varying the POSS feed ratios. The interactions between organic components and inorganic POSS core, and the effects of inorganic POSS core on the properties of the resulting hybrids were investigated by high resolution solid state C-13 NMR, Si-29 NMR and FTIR spectra. The results provide detailed understandings of the effects of POSS moiety on properties of hybrid polymers.
A constrained multibody system dynamics avoiding kinematic singularities
(2002-03-01)
Huang, CF
;
Yan, CD
;
Jeng, SL
;
Cheing, WH
;
機械工程學系
In the analysis of constrained multibody systems, the constraint reaction forces are normally expressed in terms of the constraint equations and a vector of Lagrange multipliers. Because it fails to incorporate conservation of momentum, the Lagrange multiplier method is deficient when the constraint Jacobian matrix is singular. This paper presents an improved dynamic formulation for the constrained multibody system. In our formulation, the kinematic constraints are still formulated in terms of the joint constraint reaction forces and moments; however, the formulations are based on a second-order Taylor expansion so as to incorporate the rigid body velocities. Conservation of momentum is included explicitly in this method; hence the problems caused by kinematic singularities can be avoided. In addition, the dynamic formulation is general and applicable to most dynamic analyses. Finally the 3-leg Stewart platform is used for the example of analysis.
Significant glass-transition-temperature increase through hydrogen-bonded copolymers
(2002-10-01)
Kuo, SW
;
Xu, HY
;
Huang, CF
;
Chang, FC
;
應用化學系
The role of hydrogen bonding in promoting intermolecular cohesion and higher glass-transition temperatures of polymer is a subject of longstanding interest. A series of poly(vinylphenol-co-vinylpyrrolidone) copolymers were prepared by the free-radical copolymerization of acetoxystyrene and vinylpyrrolidone; this was followed by the selective removal of the acetyl protective group, with corresponding and significant glass-transition-temperature increases after this procedure. The incorporation of acetoxystyrene into poly(vinylpyrrolidone) resulted in lower glass-transition temperatures because of the reduced dipole interactions in its homopolymers. However, the deacetylation of acetoxystyrene to transform the poly(vinylphenol-co-vinylpyrrolidone) copolymer enhanced the higher glass-transition temperature because of the strong hydrogen bonding in the copolymer chain. The thermal properties and hydrogen bonding of these two copolymers were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and good correlations between the thermal behaviors and IR results were observed. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Cu/TaN metal gate for metal-oxide-silicon devices
(2003-01-01)
Tsui, BY
;
Huang, CF
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This work investigates the work function modulation of TaNx films and the thermal stability of Cu/TaNx stack as a gate electrode for metal-oxide-silicon devices. The N/Ta ratio was varied in the range of 0.30-0.65 by using reactive-sputter deposition with various Ar/N-2 mass flow ratios. The TaNx films are almost amorphous and are thermally stable up to 800degreesC. However, the formation of Ta3N5 phase in a film with a high N/Ta ratio or annealed at high temperature increases the resistivity. The work function of TaNx is about 4.31-4.38 eV and the modulation is less than 70 mV. Such a short range modulation of the work function implies that TaNx is only suitable to be a gate electrode of surface channel n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (NMOSFETs). The mean value of the flatband voltage decreases and the deviation of the flatland voltage increases with the increase of the annealing temperature. Although phase change, grain growth, and Cu contamination contribute to the instability at high temperature, thermal stress-induced oxide charges dominate this decrease and deviation of the flatband voltage at temperature below 500degreesC. According to the material and electrical analysis, the Cu/TaNx stack gate electrode can be used for NMOSFETs only, and the maximum process temperature following gate electrode deposition should be lower than 500degreesC. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Location tracking in a wireless sensor network by mobile agents and its data fusion strategies
(2003)
Tseng, YC
;
Kuo, SP
;
Lee, HW
;
Huang, CF
;
資訊工程學系
The wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that may greatly facilitate human life by providing ubiquitous sensing, computing, and communication capability, through which people can more closely interact with the environment wherever he/she goes. To be context-aware, one of the central issues in sensor networks is location tracking, whose goal is to monitor the roaming path of a moving object. While similar to the location-update problem in PCS networks, this problem is more challenging in two senses: (1) there are no central control mechanism and backbone network in such environment, and (2) the wireless communication bandwidth is very limited. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol based on the mobile agent paradigm. Once a new object is detected, a mobile agent will be initiated to track the roaming path of the object. The agent is mobile since it will choose the sensor closest to the object to stay. The agent may invite some nearby slave sensors to cooperatively position the object and inhibit other irrelevant (i.e., farther) sensors from tracking the object. As a result, the communication and sensing overheads are greatly reduced. Our prototyping of the location-tracking mobile agent based on IEEE 802.11b NICs and our experimental experiences are also reported.
Wide range work function modulation of binary alloys for MOSFET application
(2003-03-01)
Tsui, BY
;
Huang, CF
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
This paper explores the characteristics of the binary alloys Th-Pt and Ta-Ti for gate electrode application. With a proper composition of high and low work function metals, the work function of the metal alloys can be modulated from 4.16 eV to 5.05 eV continuously. The alloys show good thermal stability and inner chemical activity on both silicon dioxide and hafnium dioxide. Thermal stress generated from the alloy film increases interface state density and hence effective oxide charges. This problem can be greatly reduced with W/Ta-Pt stack structure, where W acts as the main conducting metal and Ta-Pt acts as work function control metal. All of these properties make them suitable for use in all device applications.

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