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Design of High-Voltage-Tolerant Power-Rail ESD Protection Circuit for Power Pin of Negative Voltage in Low-Voltage CMOS Processes
(2020-01-01)
Chang, Rong-Kun
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
In the implanted biomedical devices, the silicon chips with monopolar stimulation design have been widely applied. To protect the negative-voltage pins of the implanted silicon chip from the electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage, the ESD protection circuit should be carefully designed to avoid any wrong current path under normal circuit operation with the negative voltage. In this article, a new power-rail ESD clamp circuit for the application with an operating voltage of -6 V has been proposed and verified in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ 3.3-V CMOS process. The proposed circuit, realized with only 3.3-V nMOS/pMOS devices, is able to prevent the gate-oxide reliability issue under this -6-V application. With the proposed ESD detection circuit, the turn-on speed of the main ESD clamp device, which is a stacked-nMOS (STnMOS), can be greatly enhanced. The STnMOS with a width of $400\mu \text{m}$ can sustain over 8-kV human body model (HBM) ESD stress and perform low standby leakage current of 5.4 nA at room temperature under the circuit operating condition with -6-V supply voltage.
ESD Protection Design of High-Linearity SPDT CMOS T/R Switch for Cellular Applications
(2019-01-01)
Hung, Tao-Yi
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for high-linearity single-pole double-throw (SPDT) transmit/receive switch (T/R switch) at 0.9/1.8 GHz GSM band was proposed and verified in a standard 0.18-mu m CMOS process. The SPDT CMOS T/R switch was implemented with body-floating technique, multi-stacked structure, and series-shunt topology to obtain low insertion loss, high power handling capability, and good isolation. With the proposed ESD protection design, the T/R switch can sustain human-body-model (HBM) ESD voltages of 3.5 kV under the posith e-to-V-ss stress and 5 kV under the negative-to-V-ss stress. Experimental results including ESD characteristics, RF performance, and failure analysis are presented.
Capacitor-Less Design of Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit With Adjustable Holding Voltage for On-Chip ESD Protection
(2010-11-01)
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The RC-based power-rail ESD clamp circuit with the n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor drawn in the layout style of big field-effect transistor (BigFET) has been utilized to effectively enhance the ESD robustness of CMOS ICs. In this work, a new ESD-transient detection circuit without using the capacitor has been proposed and verified in a 65 nm 1.2 V CMOS process. The layout area of the new ESD-transient detection circuit can be greatly reduced by more than 54%, as compared to the traditional RC-based ESD-transient detection circuit realized with capacitor. From the experimental results, the new proposed ESD-transient detection circuit with adjustable holding voltage can achieve long enough turn-on duration under the ESD stress condition, as well as better immunity against mistrigger and transient-induced latch-on event under the fast power-on and transient noise conditions.
Design of Power-Rail ESD Clamp With Dynamic Timing-Voltage Detection Against False Trigger During Fast Power-ON Events
(2018-03-01)
Chen, Jie-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
The RC-based power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp with nMOS of large size has been widely utilized to enhance the ESD robustness of CMOS integrated circuits. However, such circuit design that only detects the rising time of ESD pulse may be accidentally triggered in some conditions, such as fast power-ON, hot-plug, and envelope tracking applications. In this paper, a new power-rail ESD clamp circuit with transient and voltage detection function has been proposed and implemented in a 0.18-mu m 1.8-V CMOS technology. The measurement results from the silicon chip have demonstrated that the new proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit with adjustable minimum starting voltage (V-starting) can achieve good ESD robustness and avoid triggering under fast power-ON condition. In addition, the proposed circuit has a low standby leakage current of 270 nA at 125 degrees C under normal power-ON condition.
Resistor-Less Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit with Ultra-Low Leakage Current in 65nm CMOS Process
(2013)
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A resistor-less power-rail ESD clamp circuit realized with only thin gate oxide devices, and with SCR as main ESD clamp device, has been proposed and verified in a 65nm 1V CMOS process. Skillfully utilizing the gate leakage currents to realize the equivalent resistors in the ESD-transient detection circuit, the RC-based ESD-transient detection mechanism can be achieved without using an actual resistor to reduce the layout area in I/O cells. From the measured results, the proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit with SCR width of 45 mu m can achieve 5kV HBM and 400V MM ESD levels under the ESD stress event, while consuming only a standby leakage current of 1.43nA at 25 degrees C under the normal circuit operating condition with 1V bias.
Capacitor-Less Design of Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit With Adjustable Holding Voltage for On-Chip ESD Protection
(2010-11-01)
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電機學院
;
College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
The RC-based power-rail ESD clamp circuit with the n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor drawn in the layout style of big field-effect transistor (BigFET) has been utilized to effectively enhance the ESD robustness of CMOS ICs. In this work, a new ESD-transient detection circuit without using the capacitor has been proposed and verified in a 65 nm 1.2 V CMOS process. The layout area of the new ESD-transient detection circuit can be greatly reduced by more than 54%, as compared to the traditional RC-based ESD-transient detection circuit realized with capacitor. From the experimental results, the new proposed ESD-transient detection circuit with adjustable holding voltage can achieve long enough turn-on duration under the ESD stress condition, as well as better immunity against mistrigger and transient-induced latch-on event under the fast power-on and transient noise conditions.
On the Design of Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuits With Gate Leakage Consideration in Nanoscale CMOS Technology
(2014-03-01)
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
CMOS technology has been widely used to produce many integrated circuits. However, the thinner gate oxide in nanoscale CMOS technology seriously increases the difficulty of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design. The power-rail ESD clamp circuit has been the key circuit to perform the whole-chip ESD protection scheme. Some ESD detection circuits were developed to trigger on ESD devices across the power rails to quickly discharge ESD current away from the internal circuits. Therefore, on-chip ESD protection circuits must be designed with the consideration of standby leakage to minimize the power consumption and the possibility of malfunction to normal circuit operation. The design of power-rail ESD clamp circuits with low standby leakage current and high efficiency of layout area in nanoscale CMOS technology is reviewed in this paper. The comparisons among those power-rail ESD clamp circuits are also discussed.
High Area-Efficient ESD Clamp Circuit With Equivalent RC-Based Detection Mechanism in a 65-nm CMOS Process
(2013-03-01)
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit realized with ESD clamp device drawn in the layout style of big field-effect transistor (BigFET), and with parasitic diode of BigFET as a part of ESD-transient detection mechanism, is proposed and verified in a 65-nm 1.2-V CMOS process. Skillfully utilizing the diode-connected MOS transistor as the equivalent large resistor and the parasitic reverse-biased diodes of BigFET as the equivalent capacitors, the new RC-based ESD-transient detection mechanism can be achieved without using an actual resistor and capacitor to significantly reduce the layout area by similar to 82%, as compared to the traditional RC-based ESD-transient detection circuit. From the measured results, the new proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit with body effect of ESD clamp device can perform adjustable holding voltage under the ESD stress condition, as well as better immunity against mistrigger and transient-induced latch-on under fast power-on and transient noise conditions.
Resistor-Less Design of Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit in Nanoscale CMOS Technology
(2012-12-01)
Yeh, Chih-Ting
;
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A resistor-less power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit realized with only thin-gate-oxide devices and with a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) as the main ESD clamp device has been proposed and verified in a 65-nm CMOS process. By skillfully utilizing the gate leakage current to realize the equivalent resistor in the ESD-transient detection circuit, the RC-based ESD detection mechanism can be achieved without using an actual resistor to significantly reduce the layout area in I/O cells. From the measured results, the new proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit with an SCR width of 45 mu m can achieve 5-kV human-body-model and 400-V machine-model ESD levels under the ESD stress event while consuming only a standby leakage current of 1.43 nA at room temperature under the normal circuit operating condition with 1-V bias.
New Low-Leakage Power-Rail ESD Clamp Circuit in a 65-nm Low-Voltage CMOS Process
(2011-09-01)
Ker, Ming-Dou
;
Chiu, Po-Yen
;
電機學院
;
College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
A new low-leakage power-rail electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit designed with consideration of the gate leakage issue has been proposed and verified in a 65-nm low-voltage CMOS process. Consisting of the new low-leakage ESD-detection circuit and the ESD clamp device of a substrate-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier, the new proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit realized with only thin-oxide (1-V) devices has a very low leakage current of only 116 nA at room temperature (25 degrees C) under the power-supply voltage of 1 V. Moreover, the new proposed power-rail ESD clamp circuit can achieve ESD robustness of over 8 kV, 800 V, and over 2 kV in human-body-model, machine-model, and charged-device-model ESD tests, respectively.

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