建築物空間移動行為模擬及視覺化展現

Abstract

台灣近幾年之營建市場已逐漸由新建市場轉趨整建市場，當建築物欲進行整建時， 建築師依其經驗及與使用單位代表的訪談，決定使用者於該建物之使用行為，並依此作 為其整建設計的藍圖。然而，由使用行為之概觀如何轉為實際空間配置以求空間使用之 最適，並未有科學之方法或工具。不適之空間配置往往導致使用單位進駐後使用不適之 抱怨及二次施工延伸之干擾及成本。 在營建領域，模擬工具常被用來分析作業活動以尋求較有效率之資源分配；在工業 工程領域，模擬亦有被用來分析工廠生產線之配置及資源之分配。然而，目前並未發現 可分析使用人於該建物之移動行為及其效率之工具。本研究以學校之公有建築為例，擬 發展一模擬工具，允許規劃人員將該建物之使用人作分類（如大一男生、大四女生）， 定義每類使用人相對於空間之移動行為（如每週上課時間、遲到及早退之機率分佈）， 再行輸入建物配置圖及空間功能分配（如會議室於200 室、營建管理於301 室上課）。 模擬工具將依蒙地卡羅模擬及輸入之使用行為機率分佈，隨機產生資料，最終可得到使 用人在該建築物之移動行為細節資料（如步行距離、空間單元平均進駐人數）並以動畫 方式在視窗中顯示，以供調整空間配置，進行What-if 分析，以求配置之最適。

In recent years, the remodeling market has increased more than newly-built market in the Taiwan construction industry. When a building requires remodeling, the architect determines how residents use the building based on the interviews with the representatives of the building, and rearrange the space layout accordingly. However, the current industry still lacks tools that help transforming the residents’ use behavior to the most suitable space layout. As a result, unsuitable layout often brings complaints from the residents and cost due to the need of second remodeling. In the construction research, simulation has been used to analyze activity operations and find efficient resource allocations. In the industrial operations research, simulation has also been used to analyze the layout of plant production lines and resource allocations. However, we have not found any tool that allows users to analyze the residents’ movement behaviors and efficiencies in a building. This research uses university curriculum building as an example and will develop a tool that allows users to classify residents (e.g., freshman, senior girls), defines the movement of each type of residents (e.g., weekly classes, the probability distribution of being late or early for the scheduled class), and reads building floor plans and functions of each space unit. The tool will randomly generate residents’ movement data based on the Monte Carlo simulation and the given probability distributions. The output includes a report that shows the detailed information about how residents move among space units within the simulation time. The animated simulation result can also be viewed so that users may re-arrange the space layout and performs what-if analysis.