TRIPs下日本及兩岸有關侵害「智慧財產權」邊境管制措施之研究：以權利人申請保護為中心

Abstract

在世界貿易組織(WTO)體系下，TRIPs協定(Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, including Trade in Counterfeit Goods, TRIPs)第51條等條文明文規範「仿冒」及「盜版」兩項侵害智慧財產權的「邊境管制措施(border measure)」。此為強制規定，WTO會員應遵守，有關侵害智慧財產權「邊境管制措施」之規範，亦已為各國所重視。日本、中國及我國為WTO重要會員，除分別參考TRIPs等相關公約修改「邊境管制措施」規範外，近幾年來更有強化規範範圍之趨勢。本文就日本2004年「關稅定率法」、中國2003年「知識產權海關保護條例」、我國2003年「商標法」、「著作權法」及相關法規作一比較，以供政府決策，以及國內企業從事跨國貿易、智慧財產管理之參考。本文共分五章，包括：一、前言；二、侵害智慧財產權「邊境管制措施」之規範範圍等之比較；三、權利人申請之程序；四、邊境管制措施異同之分析；五、結語。在規範範圍方面，TRIPs僅規範仿冒、盜版之「邊境管制措施」，且以進口為主，不包括出口。我國符合TRIPs的基本要求。中國將進出口皆納入規範，較TRIPs為嚴格。而日本除侵害商標權、著作權、著作鄰接權、專利權、新式樣之進口品外，自2006年起違反不公平競爭之物品，如冒用著名標示、外觀模仿等亦納入「邊境管制措施」規範。至於「權利人申請」邊境管制措施相關程序，日本、中國及我國大致符合TRIPs協定第51條的規定，但擔保方面，差異較大。

Under the World Trade Organization (WTO) system, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement) provides for border measures under Article 51 and thereafter, which mandates the introduction of such measures specifically for the protection of trademarks and copyrights. In the case of counterfeiting, additional procedures and remedies, including border measure, must be made available. Special requirements related to border measures are contained in Section 4 (Article 51-Article 60) of the enforcement part of the TRIPs Agreement. According to Article 51, Parties must provide border enforcement procedures for goods bearing a counterfeit. This paper tries to compare the regulations of border measures among Japan, China and Taiwan. This article explains the history of the Customs Tariff Law in Japan, Customs Law of the People's Republic of China, and attempts to examine how the border measures provisions of IPR might be incorporated into the existing custom regulations of the three countries. This article also explains the relationship between border measures provisions and Trade Policy.