影響技術移轉訂價之關鍵因素─以國內濺鍍靶材為例

Abstract

半導體及光電產業為推動台灣經濟發展的核心產業，其中的關鍵性材料薄膜濺鍍靶材佔生產成本一半以上。隨著其應用領域不斷的擴展，濺鍍靶材之種類及使用量也隨之增加。若國內中下游產業能夠技轉靶材技術製造方法，能帶動國內靶材產業且降低生產成本。靶材技術移轉伴隨著技術價格之訂定。技術提供者以及接受者會分別就其所重視之因素進行交易談判。若雙方了解彼此所重視之因素，有助於縮短雙方對於價格訂定之差距。故本研究建立影響靶材技術訂價因素之研究架構，並探討其中技術提供者及接受者雙方所重視之關鍵因素。本研究建構網路層級架構以反應因素間相互影響之狀況，並使用網路分析程序法中的成對比較進行重要性評估。但傳統成對比較中使用的九點尺度語意值無法顯示受訪者的主觀認知，且成對比較通常有不一致性的現象產生。針對前者我們使用模糊數表達每一個語意值，針對後者則以乘法遞移性為基礎，提出具一致性之模糊乘法偏好關係；另以加法遞移性為基礎，產生具一致性之模糊加法偏好關係。研究結果顯示，技術提供者認為影響訂價最重要之關鍵因素為技術被模仿的容易程度、革新速率以及複雜程度。而技術接受者則認為技術接受者運用技術能力、技術被模仿的容易程度與革新速率為關鍵因素。表示買賣雙方皆重視技術是否具競爭能力。

The semiconductor and the electro-optical industries are the core industries that promote the economic development in Taiwan. One of the crucial materials is the thin film sputtering target, and this material has occupied the production cost for more than 50%. As the application field of sputtering continues to expand, the types of the sputtering targets and the amount of using these also increase. If domestic midstream and downstream industries can transfer the technology of manufacture method of targets, it will push forward the domestic target industry and decrease the cost of productions. Transferring the technology of target depends on the technology pricing. According to each side's favored factors, the technology providers and acceptors will carry on the transaction negotiations. If both sides could understand the valued factors of the other side, it will help to shorten the cognitive pricing gap between the providers and the acceptors. Therefore, this study builds the framework of pricing factors of target. Furthermore, it probes into the key factors which the technology providers and acceptors valued at respectively. To reflect the real condition between the factors and sub-factors, this study constructs the hierarchical framework network. Moreover, by using the pair-wise comparison from the analytic network process (ANP), this study evaluates the importance of each factor and sub-factor. However, the traditional nine points scales of linguistic values in pair-wise comparison could not show the subjective cognitive of the survey candidates. In addition, it usually results in the inconsistency. To solve the former problem, we use the fuzzy number to express each linguistic value; to solve the latter problem, we create the fuzzy multiplicative preference relations with consistency base on the multiplicative transitivity. What's more, base on the additive transitivity, we bring the fuzzy additive preference relations with consistency. The result of this research shows that the technology providers consider that the key factors of pricing in technology of targets transfer are the degree of copying, the rate of innovation, and the complex degree. On the other hand, the technology acceptors believe that the key factors of this process are the ability of using technology, the degree of copying, and the rate of innovation. Thus, it indicates that both the sellers and buyers pay attention to whether the technology possesses competitive ability.