Optimal detection angle in sub-diffraction resolution photothermal microscopy: application for high sensitivity imaging of biological tissues

Abstract

We evaluated the optimal detection angle for maximizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in sub-diffraction resolution photothermal microscopy. The angular dependent photothermal signal was calculated based on scattering theory using the temporally modulated Yukawa potential, and its detection angle and modulation frequency dependencies were analyzed. We verified the theoretical findings by imaging gold nanoparticles using laser diode based photothermal microscopy with balanced detection scheme. High-sensitivity (SNR similar to 40) photothermal biological imaging of a mouse brain was also demonstrated.