機場空側風險管理

Abstract

任何的飛安事故皆可能導致令人無法逆料的致命損失，且經統計有近八成的意外發生在機場。因此，如何有效的識別飛安風險，進而客觀的衡量其風險值並建立相關風險評估矩陣將是機場安全管理的首要之務。而建立系統性的機場風險管理機制以有效的監管和改善飛安風險，亦為降低飛安潛在風險並實現機場安全目標的唯一途徑。

為有效達成上述目標，本研究先從國際民用航空組織(International Civil Aviation Organization: ICAO)的航空事故資料庫中萃取與機場相關的風險因子及飛航程序，並以失效模式、影響和危害性分析(Failure Modes, Effect and Criticality Analysis: FMECA)中指數型風險優先數(Risk Priority Numbers: RPN)的定義，將風險事件發生的頻率、嚴重度和可偵測程度定為決策因子，再運用模糊邏輯控制(Fuzzy Logic Control: FLC)模式，推導出模糊規則並衡量各風險項目之風險優先數，進而推估出各決策因子權重、建立風險評估矩陣(Risk Assessment Matrix: RAM)及決定各風險門檻值。本研究並以臺灣桃園國際機場(Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport: TTIA)為例，進行風險分析找出該機場不可接受的風險項目，以驗證上開模式之適用性。

最後，為有效降低上開風險可能對TTIA造成的危害，本研究參考ICAO、行政院飛航安全委員會、民用航空局及桃園國際機場公司等飛安風險管理相關文件，就管理面、營運面及設施面研擬出各項風險對應之改善措施，並運用品質機能展開模式(Quality Function Deployment: QFD)的概念進行方案排序，期能在資源有限的情況下逐步推動風險改善方案。本研究已驗證上開風險管理模式之適用性及可及性，希望能提供機場管理者一個有效且系統性的風險管理決策參考。

Any aviation accident may lead to unpredictable fatal losses. Statistically, approximately 80% of aviation accidents occur at airports. Therefore, how to identify risk items, measure risk values objectively and establish the Risk Assessment Matrix of airports is a major task for airport safety management. Establishing a risk management mechanism for airports to monitor and reduce these risks is the only solution to lower latent risks efficiently and to achieve the goal of airport safety.

To identify risk items, measure risk values objectively and establish the Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) of airports is the major task of airport safety. This research first extracts 14 risk items of airports from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation accidents database and then applies Failure Modes, Effect and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) to define the decision factors of Possibility, Severity and Detectability of airport risks. This research also designs a questionnaire and applies Fuzzy Logic to discover the importance of decision factors, to find out the threshold value of RAM to prioritize the airport risks. This research u ses Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TTIA) as a case study to demonstrate the modeling process and analyze the results.

Finally, referring to the related safety management manuals and documents of ICAO, Aviation Safety Council, Civil Aeronautics Administration and Taoyuan International Airport Company, this research proposes some related improvement measures, using the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model to prioritize those proposed measures. It is hoped that the results can be beneficial to reduce the TTIA airside risks efficiently. And we also hope that this risk management model can be applied to assist airport operator in implementing risk improvement programs systematically.