機場出境旅客安檢系統績效之研究

Abstract

機場為提高保安水準，常以提高保安檢查活動的嚴密度與複雜度來降低危險品錯誤通過的機會，然此一作法同時也犧牲了服務效率，造成班機延滯、航空業競爭力之降低及旅客便利性之影響。因此本研究以機場出境旅客保安檢查系統為對象，探討可有效降低風險同時維持服務效率之保安檢查程序，並建構安檢系統績效衡量模式，尋求在保安水準及服務效率間最佳化之安檢策略。 改善安檢系統績效的思維應著重於旅客危險管理，分辨出真實造成安檢系統風險的關鍵性旅客。本研究以「旅客分類」方式，將旅客依危險性分類管理，落實於機場出境安檢服務藍圖，並提出危險分類指標之發展邏輯，與安檢系統連結資料之取得，建構完整旅客分類安檢系統。 藉由安檢活動「正確警報」、「正確通過」、「錯誤警報」及「錯誤通過」四種決策成本的概念，表示保安與服務效率的關係，建構機場安檢系統績效模式，並使用Matlab程式語言為數值分析工具，本研究分別分析了機場現行安檢系統與安檢服務藍圖中各決策點之最佳決策靈敏度（sensitivity），以及在機場環境中旅客危險威脅變化時，所對應各決策點的最佳決策靈敏度，另亦針對旅客危險分類討論其對系統績效之影響與衝擊。 以本研究估計之參數為例，安檢程序中證照查驗活動是一項相當敏感的檢查活動，為降低安檢系統成本，其關鍵在於精確控制其決策靈敏度；旅客身體攜帶危險品檢查靈敏度的輕微調整，對服務效率的影響很大，因此若考慮服務效率之提昇，該活動可放寬靈敏度。而目前隨身行李危險品檢查活動的可行解中並未達到整體系統成本最小化，應以擴充服務效能方式，在充足的服務資源下，才能更進一步達到系統保安與效率的最佳化。隨著機場環境中危險比例的增加，最佳靈敏度應調降，為避免系統資源上的限制，系統在調整門檻值的同時，應以擴充系統資源為輔，才不致於造成系統的無法負荷而影響服務效率與增加風險。此外，在雙偵測設備模式下，危險分類對總系統成本有顯著效果，稍放鬆初步篩選設備的靈敏度，而將精密檢查使用在危險性較高的旅客，可以有效解決系統服務效率的問題並同時降低風險。 關鍵詞：機場保安、風險管理、績效模式

Due to the importance of aviation security, airport should take the strict precautions against the false clear of dangerous goods. Improving the security performance, however, is usually a tradeoff issue of the operation efficiency, such as the serious delay of flight, the decline of air industry competitiveness, and the inconvenience of passengers. The subject of this study focuses on which procedures can decrease the security risk, and enhance the operation efficiency. Moreover, a security system performance model is built to generate optimal control strategies. By reviewing relative literatures, passenger risk classification is the crucial measure to improve airport security system performance. This risk classification should be in accordance with the security-check blueprint of the airport outbound passengers. The system performance model measuring security risk and operation efficiency simultaneously is conducted by four decision costs which are true clear, false clear, true alarm and false alarm. In the case study, the Matlab program is utilized to calculate the optimal sensitivity of security-check points. According to the case study, three major results can be concluded: First, Immigration Check and Passenger Security Check, are highly sensitive to system cost. Similarly, the sensitiveCarry-on Baggage Check, should also be expanded to maximize the system security performance and operation efficiency. Secondly, to enhance the security while the threat probability within airport environment increases, the alarm threshold should be declined with expanding the system capacity. Moreover, in a two-layered equipment architecture design, classifying the potential dangerous items, before security inspection, is an effective measure to reduce the total system cost. Key Words: Airport Security, Risk Management, Performance Model