電子產品碳足跡盤查及其綠色設計決策因子之研究

Abstract

由於全球綠色消費的壓力以及跨國大型企業客戶端的要求，產品碳足跡已是國際上重視的議題，企業界正積極以產品綠色設計為手段以減少產品碳足跡，而產品碳足跡及產品綠色設計皆係以生命週期為基礎，以進行產品對環境衝擊評估的方法，因此，本研究以兩件電子產品為案例，以發展出更實用、簡便、可量化之產品綠色設計評估因子。 本研究以ECMA 370附件B為工具，一方面先進行產品守規性評估，將評估不符合事項納入產品綠色設計評估因子，再搭配產品環境考量面評估，進行產品綠色設計綜合性考量鑑別，以找出顯著性考量面，並依此規劃產品綠色設計之改善目標、標的及研擬改善方案。另一方面蒐集案例產品碳足跡盤查所需資訊後，邀請上述產品顯著性考量面所對應零件、物料供應商，討論如何進行碳足跡盤查及提出改善方案。待上述產品綠色設計方案擬出，即配合產品碳足跡盤查結果，比較分析產品改善前後各項投入能源、物料成本節省效益及減碳量。本研究期能協助企業於開發產品時，能依該產品生命週期之關鍵性環境衝擊找出改善方向，開發出具有競爭力且富含環保理念之綠色產品。

Owing to the pressure of global green consumption movement and requirements from international large clients, Carbon Footprint of Product (CFP) is an important world-wide issue. Many entrepreneurs are actively engaged in greening the design of products as a means to reduce their CFP. However, both CFP and product green design (PGD) are based on the methodology of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to access the environmental impacts. This study used two electronic products as examples to develop a more practical, simpler and quantifiable decision factors for PGD. On one hand, we used a document, ECMA 370 Annex B, as a tool to review the degree of compliance of the target electronic products with green issues, in order to identify those non-compliances as potential evaluation factors for PGD. We also analyzed the environmental aspects of the product and had a comprehensive considerations of PGD, in order to screen out the most significant aspects. With combined information from the two approaches, we then designed the goal, target strategy and improvement plans for PGD. On the other hand, after we collected relevant information for CFP inventory study on the two target products, suppliers of components and raw material corresponding to the significant environmental aspects were invited to discuss how to carry out CFP inventory and the proposed improvement plans for PGD. These plans, together with the result of CFP, were used to compare and analyze the benefits of cost saving and carbon reduction on energy and material inputs, before and after the improvements. This study is expected to help businesses to seek the best improvement directions during the development phase of a product based on key environmental impacts within its life cycle, so that the product can be endowed with strong competitiveness and with “green” concepts.