科技產業加班原因分析 -以新竹科學園區為例

Abstract

隨著科技產業的蓬勃發展，加班超時普遍發生在每個員工身上，過去很少有相關研究文獻探討此議題，所以本研究旨在探討影響員工加班與否的關鍵因素。透過本研究所設計的問卷調查，以科技園區內的產業為範圍，找出影響員工加班的關鍵因素。並期能提供各大科技產業針對工時過長之改善方向。 本研究的結論顯示，員工加班的原因可分為兩大成份：「公司文化」與「個人因素」，其中最強相關的是「公司文化」，而內含因素又以主管喜歡在下班時間開會，及下班前交待工作，這兩項佔最大成因，再來是因會議太多與應付不暇的報告，皆導致負責的員工們需再多利用下班的時間來完成自己的工作，以及所謂的溍規則因素。而「個人因素」則是因為單身或是不想回家帶小孩，所以早或晚下班沒差，留在公司看看書也不錯」及、「自身時間管理觀念不好，常浪費許多時間，所以需加班趕進度」為最主因。 本研究的限制在於，各類科技產業人員工時的調查，只能以問卷方式得知，卻無法親自調閱其出勤記錄，因此本研究結論在面對不同經營型態的科技產業時，多少會與實際狀況有些出入，只能反應出比例較大多數的狀況。

Working overtime is a common phenomenon in science and technology industry. However, there are few studies probing into this issue. This research identifies major factors of working overtime by means of questionnaires in the range of people working in Science Park. We expect that this research could receive improvement for people who are involved in career of science and technology industry. This study showed that "corporate culture" and "personal factors" are the main reasons for working overtime. Firstly, corporate culture is strongly correlated with working overtime. For example, attending extra meeting after hours andcomposing excessive reports occupies the most time of employees after work. Secondly, personal factor is also closely related with working overtime. Personal factors would be attributed to two main causes. One is that people, who remain single or don’t want to go home early taking care of children, are more willing to kill time by staying in office longer. The others is people, who are incapable of well managing time, have to spend extra time completing tasks. The limitation of this research is that all the findings are based on the data of questionnaires, such as working hours, instead of field survey. As a result, this research conclusion was able to be applied to most situations of science andtechnology industry.