以FDS模擬分析材料及熱釋放面積對延燒之影響

Abstract

本研究主要是探討使用FDS建立火災之延燒模擬。根據相關文獻的參考資料，假設一簡單居室之發生火災，居室內有椅子、木桌及電視機擺設物，擺設物各以三種主要材質做成，分別為PU發泡棉、白杉(White Pine)及PVC材質。分別以不同情境探討火源面積對延燒之影響。居室內給定一火源條件下，以最嚴苛之極快速(Ultra-fast)成長曲線到達最大熱釋放率1MW，不同火源燃燒面積因而與周遭物品的接焰延燒或高溫火焰造成遠處物熱輻射延燒的影響與差異(以本研究為例，置於牆面上電視機引發自燃)；同時為進一步探討所使用三種材質，對於FDS模擬溫度與延燒的關聯性，以三種材質之長寬高尺寸為1.0m × 1.0m × 0.1m薄板，相同給一最大熱釋放率1MW火源予以燃燒，進一步佐證居室延燒模擬結果。

本研究使用兩種方式的延燒模擬，三種使用的材質以PVC最容易引燃且蔓延，木頭需在高溫延燒速度較低溫明顯增大，PU發泡棉延燒結果最低，此與建研所建築空間火災特性之分析與印證-住宅單元之實尺寸火災特性分析-沙發椅燃燒試驗分析，提出防止火焰進入沙發內部為避免火勢迅速增大之重要因素，有相同趨勢。

In the past, many cases and researchers use FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) to investigate the relationship between fire and plume, so that the building characteristics can keep people survival inside without more prevention equipment. But many of fire simulations didn’t involve the materials which were burned by the main fire. It is because the technical difficulties to precisely understand the material properties. In recently years, the newer research equipment invention, the more related study made about different materials properties. This study investigates the effects of the different burning materials in a room which contain three main furniture(Sofas, Wood Table and Television) made by PU Foam, White Pine and PVC. The room is pretended that much paper in a trash can ignites causing a fire. The fire position on the path exactly between sofa and wood table, therefore leading the fire spreading. Main simulation results show that PU Foam material need a high temperature about 600 degree to be ignited and the spreading characteristic is the worst in this three. PVC just need the lower temperature about 340 degree to ignite by thermal radiation. White pine stared to burn at 350 degree and the higher temperature and the better burning rate.