公共運輸對高齡者就醫服務水準之評估

Abstract

近年來臺灣人口結構逐漸朝向高齡化社會的發展，同時衍生出許多高齡者照顧問題，如高齡者面臨旅運需求時，因生理機能逐漸退化，故多半得仰賴親友接送或是搭乘公共運輸。而近年交通部推行許多公共運輸計畫補助新闢路線，同時根據報告指出高齡者旅運需求最高者為就醫旅次，故政府是否有提供足夠之高齡者就醫旅次之公共運輸服務水準為一項重要之課題。 故本研究建立公共運輸對高齡者就醫旅次服務水準評估指標，該指標主要為評估高齡者在前往就醫的公共運輸旅次當中，其公共運輸旅行時間為何?是否能搭乘到對於高齡者較舒適便利的低地板公車?以及是否能在直達或一次轉乘之內完成該旅次?然而一般在某地區內可能會有多家醫療院所，但對於高齡者而言並非每家都需要去，故在進行指標計算前會先透過目的地吸引力模式了解各地區家戶高齡者可能前往之目的地醫院，該吸引力模式即是以該醫院滿足高齡者就醫需求的科別比例、該些科別所提供的門診數、以及從家戶到達該醫院的最短路徑距離做為評估因子，得出之結果即為一機率值，機率越大表示該家戶越有可能選擇該家醫院做為目的地醫院，本研究即以此結果做為公共運輸服務水準評估指標之基礎。 透過本研究建立之高齡者就醫旅次之公共運輸服務水準指標，可了解公共運輸對高齡者就醫旅次服務之缺口，做為各縣市政府相關單位在改善路線或規劃公共運輸計畫時之參考。

In recent years, Taiwan's population structure towards to the development of aging society, meanwhile, it causes a lot issues on taking care of seniors, such as the seniors faced travel demand, due to the gradual degradation of physiological function, they have to rely on friends and relatives shuttle or public transportation. And in recent years, the Ministry of Transportation plans to implement numbers of public transport subsidy Bus line, while according to the report pointed out that the senior’s travel highest demand for the medical trip times, hence that government providing adequate public transport service for senior’s medical trip demand. will be a major issue. Therefore, this study is aim to establish the evaluation of public transportation service level index, which mainly evaluate what is the public transport travel time of the seniors medical travel needs ? whether the seniors can take more comfortable convenient low-floor buses? Also whether the seniors can complete the trip within director one time transfer ? however usually within a region may have numbers of medical institutions, but to the seniors they don’t need to go to each of it. So before calculating index , we used gravity model of destination to understand that which hospital was seniors’ destination hospital. The gravity model of destination is based on how many division meets seniors’ requirement, the numbers of clinic, and the distance of shortest path from the household to the hospital as assessment factor, the result of that is a probability value, the greater the probability indicates that the household is more likely to choose the hospital as a destination hospital, assess the results of this study that is as basic of the evaluation of public transportation service level index. Through the establishment of the evaluation of public transportation service level index can help us understand the public transport service deficiency of the seniors medical travel demands, as the relevant units in the county and city governments to improve the route or planned public transport plan of reference.