客運路線整併方式及績效衡量之研究

Abstract

近年來我國持續推動各種促進大眾運輸方案，但部分需求較高之地區卻出現供應低效率之情形。路線整併係將相同走廊之數條客運路線，統一其路線、站位、費率與票證，並且減少總班次數。在儘量維持對乘客之服務水準下，減低客運業者之營運成本，提升其利潤率。然而路線整併是否成功之影響因素並非僅營運成本與利潤，其他無法量化之因素，如：經營規模、經營理念、組織文化…等，也需一併考量。本研究以兩階段之成本費用利潤率向各業者進行調查，第一階段調查各業者對於路線整併所期望之目標，第二階段調查各業者在考量其他質化因素後所期望之目標。而路線整併對部分乘客所造成之負效益，則以票價折減補償受影響之乘客。

本研究以臺北－新竹客運路線為例，分別向三重、新竹、豪泰、國光客運蒐集營收與成本資料，以及對於路線整併之相關意見。因本研究所提出之整併方式將造成部分乘客須進行轉乘，故以條件評估法調查乘客對於轉乘之願受價格。由以上資料試算後，進行路線整併影響分析及績效衡量。雖然路線整併後各客運業者之利潤皆較整併前高，但在考量質化因素後，僅新竹客運願意進行路線整併。因此，進行路線整併時，相關質化因素為整併成功與否之一大關鍵。

The Taiwan Government keeps promoting public transportation in recent years, but there is low supply efficient problem in some high demand areas. Bus routes integration means that it unites the routes of same road corridor, consists of stops, rates and tickets. Besides, it reduces the total bus trips, under the condition of maintaining the service level. It could reduce the operating costs of bus carriers, and raise their profits. However, the factors that affect the bus routes integration success or not, not only operating costs and profits, but also the other factors that are not quantifiable. For example, scale of operation, business philosophy, and culture of organizations, we need take them into consider. We surveyed the bus carriers for two-step ratio of profit to cost. First step, we surveyed individual bus carriers for their objective ratio of profit to cost, when it comes to bus routes integration. Second step, we surveyed their objective ratio of profit to cost, when it comes to bus routes integration and other qualitative factors. In order to compensate the negative effects on some passengers, we lower the price of bus ticket.

This study took Taipei - Hsinchu bus routes for example, we respectively surveyed San Chung Bus Company, Hsinchu Bus Company, How-Tai Transportation Company, and Kuo-Kuang Motor Transportation Company. The surveys contain their revenue data, cost data, and opinions on bus routes integration. Because some passengers need transfer in this case, we surveyed passengers’ willingness to accept price by contingent valuation method. After calculating the data above, we evaluated the performances and measurements. Although the profits of all bus carriers increased, but when it comes to qualitative factors, only Hsinchu Bus Company will join the bus routes integration. Therefore, the qualitative factors are key factors of bus routes integration.