Effects of Participative and Directive Leadership in a GSS-Mediated Environment under Time Pressure

Abstract

會議中領導者展現的領導風格與會議進行的時間，往往對會議績效有顯著的影響，強勢的領導風格與緊湊的會議時間各有優缺點，而多數研究也指出，群體支援系統可以顯著改善會議績效，因此本研究想探討在群體支援系統的環境中，有無時間壓力與不同領導風格下的會議是否會有不同的決策結果，以進一步瞭解群體支援系統的應用對於會議績效的影響。本研究將領導者型態分為參與型與指導型，分別在有時間壓力或無時間壓力下，利用群體支援系統完成任務，以探討對決策產出之影響。採用實驗室實驗法，以二因子完全隨機設計進行同時且面對面的實驗。研究結果發現：(1)有無時間壓力，對方案產生數、單位構想產生數、決策過程滿意度有顯著影響。沒有時間壓力的組別有較多的方案產生數與單位構想產生數，也有較高的決策過程滿意度；(2)不同領導者型態，對決策績效有顯著影響。參與型領導者所領導的群體比指導型領導的群體有較佳的群體決策績效；(3)時間壓力與領導者型態的交互作用會影響決策結果。在有時間壓力下，參與型領導者領導的群體比指導型領導者領導的群體有較多的單位構想產生數。

Previous studies did not precisely examine the effects of leadership style in Group Support System (GSS) meetings. Decision makers in organizations also face time pressure frequent1y. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of leadership style and time pressure on group interaction and decision outcomes. A 2*2 factorial design experiment was conducted. Sixty groups participated in the experiment. ”Personal Trust Foundation” was adapted as the decision task. The manipulated variables were leadership styles (participative or directive) and time pressure (under or without). The dependent variables include equality of participation, GSS process satisfaction, number of solutions, number of solutions per minute, perceived decision quality, and GSS outcome satisfaction. Results indicate that: (1) Leadership style has significant effects on group decision making. Groups with participative leaders outperform those with directive leaders; (2) Groups under time pressure generate both less solutions and solutions per minute, and perceive lower GSS process satisfaction; (3) Under time pressure, groups with participative leaders generate more solutions per minute than those with directive leaders.